Ebook Dental management of the medically compromised patient (9/E): Part 2
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: Ebook Dental management of the medically compromised patient (9/E): Part 2
Ebook Dental management of the medically compromised patient (9/E): Part 2
PARTImmunologic Disease308AIDS, HIV Infection, and Related ConditionsDEFINITIONOn June 5. 1981. when the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (C Ebook Dental management of the medically compromised patient (9/E): Part 2CDC) reported five cases of Pneumocystis carinii (now jiroveci) pneumonia in young homosexual men in Los Angeles, few suspected that it heralded a pandemic of acquired immunodeficiency' syndrome (AIDS). In 1983. a retrovirus (latei named the human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]) was isolated from a pa Ebook Dental management of the medically compromised patient (9/E): Part 2tient with AIDS. Since that first report, more than 70 million persons have been infected with HIV. and more than 30 million have died of AIDS.* 1 TheEbook Dental management of the medically compromised patient (9/E): Part 2
total number of deaths has exceeded those caused by the Black Death of 14th-century Europe and the influenza pandemic of 1918 and 1919. About 95% of PARTImmunologic Disease308AIDS, HIV Infection, and Related ConditionsDEFINITIONOn June 5. 1981. when the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (C Ebook Dental management of the medically compromised patient (9/E): Part 2n infants) occur in young people 15 to 24 years of age.AIDS is an infectious disease caused by HIV. which is transmitted predominantly through intimate sexual contact and by parenteral means. In view of the nature of this bloodborne pathogen. HIX’ infection and AIDS have important implications for d Ebook Dental management of the medically compromised patient (9/E): Part 2ental practitioners. Although HIV has rarely been transmitted from patients to health care workers, this may occur, and patients with HIV infection orEbook Dental management of the medically compromised patient (9/E): Part 2
AIDS may be medically compromised and may need special dental management considerations. On the basis of current statistics, the average dental practPARTImmunologic Disease308AIDS, HIV Infection, and Related ConditionsDEFINITIONOn June 5. 1981. when the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (C Ebook Dental management of the medically compromised patient (9/E): Part 2es over the years, and in 2008, it was revised to be laboratory-confirmed evidence of HIV infection in a person who has stage 3 HIV infection (I.e.. a CD4+ lymphocyte count <200 cells pL)/-* This definition also includes HIV-infected persons whose CD4+ count may be above 200'jrL but have an AlDS-def Ebook Dental management of the medically compromised patient (9/E): Part 2ining condition, as shown in Box 18.1. Of note, because of the provision of antiretroviral drug regimens, not all patients progress to AIDS or developEbook Dental management of the medically compromised patient (9/E): Part 2
life-threatening opportunistic infections.'-4CRITICAL COMPLICATIONS: Patients with HIV/AIDS undergoing dental treatment may not be diagnosed and may PARTImmunologic Disease308AIDS, HIV Infection, and Related ConditionsDEFINITIONOn June 5. 1981. when the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (C Ebook Dental management of the medically compromised patient (9/E): Part 2vents could prove serious. Dentists must beable to Identify these patients, assess risk based on history and clinical findings, and work dosehr with the managing physician to develop a dental management ptan that win be effective and safe for the patient as well as others.INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCEAn Ebook Dental management of the medically compromised patient (9/E): Part 2estimated 2.7 million people across the globe are newly infected with HIV annually.1Since the onset of the worldwide pandemic, more than 70.000.000 peEbook Dental management of the medically compromised patient (9/E): Part 2
ople have been infected with HIV. of whom approximately 35.000.000 have died as a consequence of AIDS '■ (Tables 18.1 and 18.2). HIV prevention effortPARTImmunologic Disease308AIDS, HIV Infection, and Related ConditionsDEFINITIONOn June 5. 1981. when the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (C Ebook Dental management of the medically compromised patient (9/E): Part 2likely played a role in the falling population level incidence in some countries reported by the United Nations Program in HIV .AIDSI UN .AIDS) in its 2012 report?A majority of those infected are between 25 and 29 years of age. male, and disproportionately black Recent estimates for cases of HIV inf Ebook Dental management of the medically compromised patient (9/E): Part 2ection diagnosed in the United States by age. race, and transmission category are shown in Table 18.1.From 2010 through 2014, the rate for persons ageEbook Dental management of the medically compromised patient (9/E): Part 2
d 25 to 29 years increased. The rates for children (aged younger than 13 years) and persons aged 13 to 14. 15 to 19. 35 to 39. 40 to 44. 45 to 49. 50 PARTImmunologic Disease308AIDS, HIV Infection, and Related ConditionsDEFINITIONOn June 5. 1981. when the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (C Ebook Dental management of the medically compromised patient (9/E): Part 2hest rate was for persons aged 25 to 29 years (35.8 in 100.000), followed by the rate for persons aged 20 to 24 years (34.3 in 100.000).1-2 *Overall in the United States, the estimated rate of HIV infection in 2014 was 13.8 in 100.000.Race and Ethnicity: From 2010 through 2014. the rates for America Ebook Dental management of the medically compromised patient (9/E): Part 2n Indians and Alaska Natives and Asians increased. The rates for blacks and African Americans. Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders, and persoEbook Dental management of the medically compromised patient (9/E): Part 2
ns of multiple races decreased. The rates for Hispanics and Latinos and whites remained stable. In 2014. the rates were 49.4 in 100.000 for blacks andPARTImmunologic Disease308AIDS, HIV Infection, and Related ConditionsDEFINITIONOn June 5. 1981. when the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (C Ebook Dental management of the medically compromised patient (9/E): Part 2 other Pacific Islanders, 9.5 in 100.000 for American Indians and Alaska Natives. 6.2 in 100.000 for Asians, and 6.1 in 100.000 for whites.1-'309310CHAPTER 18 AIDS, HIV Infection, and Related ConditionsBOX 18.1 AIDS-Deflning Conditions•Bacterial infections, multiple or recurrent*•Candidiasis of bron Ebook Dental management of the medically compromised patient (9/E): Part 2chi, trachea, or lungs•Candidiasis of esophagus'•Cervical cancer, invasive'•CocculKiidoinycoss, disseminated or extra pulmonary•Cryptococcosis, extrapEbook Dental management of the medically compromised patient (9/E): Part 2
ulmonary•Cryptosporidiosis, chronic intestinal (>1 month in durationl•Cytomegalovirus disease (other than liver, spleen, or nodes), onset at age >1 moPARTImmunologic Disease308AIDS, HIV Infection, and Related ConditionsDEFINITIONOn June 5. 1981. when the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (C Ebook Dental management of the medically compromised patient (9/E): Part 2neumonitis, or esophagitis (onset at age >1 month)•Histoplasmosis, disseminated or extrapulmonary•Isosporiasis. chronic intestinal (>1 month's duration) Ebook Dental management of the medically compromised patient (9/E): Part 2PARTImmunologic Disease308AIDS, HIV Infection, and Related ConditionsDEFINITIONOn June 5. 1981. when the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CGọi ngay
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