Ebook Occupational safety and health for technologists, engineers, and managers (8/E): Part 2
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: Ebook Occupational safety and health for technologists, engineers, and managers (8/E): Part 2
Ebook Occupational safety and health for technologists, engineers, and managers (8/E): Part 2
SEVENTEENPRESSURE HAZARDSMAJOR TOPICS►Pressure Hazards Defined►Sources of Pressure Hazards►Boilers and Pressure Hazards►High-Temperature Water Hazards Ebook Occupational safety and health for technologists, engineers, and managers (8/E): Part 2s►Hazards of Unfired Pressure Vessels►Hazards of High-Pressure Systems►Cracking Hazards in Pressure Vessels►Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Vessels►Pressure Dangers to Humans►Decompression Procedures►Measurement of Pressure Hazards►Reduction of Pressure HazardsPRESSURE HAZARDS DEFINEDPressure is Ebook Occupational safety and health for technologists, engineers, and managers (8/E): Part 2defined in physics as the force exerted against an opposing fluid or thrust distributed over a surface. This may be expressed in force or weight per uEbook Occupational safety and health for technologists, engineers, and managers (8/E): Part 2
nit of area, such as pounds per square inch (psi). A hazard is a condition with the potential of causing injury to personnel, damage to equipment or sSEVENTEENPRESSURE HAZARDSMAJOR TOPICS►Pressure Hazards Defined►Sources of Pressure Hazards►Boilers and Pressure Hazards►High-Temperature Water Hazards Ebook Occupational safety and health for technologists, engineers, and managers (8/E): Part 2ondition involving pressure. Critical injury and damage can occur with relatively little pressure. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) defines high-pressure cylinders as those designated with a service pressure of 900 psi or greater.We perceive pressure in relation to the earth' Ebook Occupational safety and health for technologists, engineers, and managers (8/E): Part 2s atmosphere. Approximately 21 percent of the atmosphere is oxygen, with most of the other 79 percent being nitrogen. In addition to oxygen and nitrogEbook Occupational safety and health for technologists, engineers, and managers (8/E): Part 2
en, the atmosphere contains trace amounts of several inert gases: argon, neon, krypton, xenon, and helium.At sea level, the earth's atmosphere averageSEVENTEENPRESSURE HAZARDSMAJOR TOPICS►Pressure Hazards Defined►Sources of Pressure Hazards►Boilers and Pressure Hazards►High-Temperature Water Hazards Ebook Occupational safety and health for technologists, engineers, and managers (8/E): Part 2 system of measurement utilizes newtons per square meter (N/mz). However, in human physiology studies, the typical unit is millimeters of mercury (mm Hg).Atmospheric pressure is usually measured using a barometer. As the altitude above sea level increases, atmospheric pressure decreases in a nonline Ebook Occupational safety and health for technologists, engineers, and managers (8/E): Part 2ar fashion. For example, at 5.486 meters (18.000 feet) above sea level, the barometric pressure is equal to 390 mm Hg. Half of this pressure, around 1Ebook Occupational safety and health for technologists, engineers, and managers (8/E): Part 2
95 mm Hg, can be found at 2,010 meters (23,000 feet) above sea level.Boyle's law states that the product of a given pressure and volume is constant wiSEVENTEENPRESSURE HAZARDSMAJOR TOPICS►Pressure Hazards Defined►Sources of Pressure Hazards►Boilers and Pressure Hazards►High-Temperature Water Hazards Ebook Occupational safety and health for technologists, engineers, and managers (8/E): Part 2 pressure gradient or difference in pressure. When atmospheric pressure is greater than pressure within the lungs, air flows down this pressure gradient from the outside into the lungs. This is called inspiration, inhalation. or breathing in, and occurs with greater lung volume than at rest. When pr Ebook Occupational safety and health for technologists, engineers, and managers (8/E): Part 2essure in the lungs is greater than atmospheric pressure, air moves down a pressure gradient outward from the lungs to the outside. Expiration occursEbook Occupational safety and health for technologists, engineers, and managers (8/E): Part 2
when air leaves the lungs and the lung volume is less than the relaxed volume, increasing pressure within the lungs.Gas exchange occurs between air inSEVENTEENPRESSURE HAZARDSMAJOR TOPICS►Pressure Hazards Defined►Sources of Pressure Hazards►Boilers and Pressure Hazards►High-Temperature Water Hazards Ebook Occupational safety and health for technologists, engineers, and managers (8/E): Part 2 pressures states that in a mixture of theoretically ideal gases, the pressure exerted by the mixture is the sum of the pressures exerted by each component gas of the mixture:Pa- Po+ Pn + P«\mAir entering the lungs immediately becomes saturated with water vapor. Water vapor, although it is a gas, do Ebook Occupational safety and health for technologists, engineers, and managers (8/E): Part 2es not conform to Dalton’s law. The partial pressure of water vapor in a mixture of gases is not dependent on its fractional concentration in that mixEbook Occupational safety and health for technologists, engineers, and managers (8/E): Part 2
ture. Water vapor partial pressure, instead, is dependent on its temperature. From this exception to Dalton’s law comes the fact that at the normal boSEVENTEENPRESSURE HAZARDSMAJOR TOPICS►Pressure Hazards Defined►Sources of Pressure Hazards►Boilers and Pressure Hazards►High-Temperature Water Hazards Ebook Occupational safety and health for technologists, engineers, and managers (8/E): Part 2nation of how pressure is involved in human breathing, we now focus on the various sources of pressure hazards.SOURCES OF PRESSURE HAZARDSThere are many sources of pressure hazards—some natural, most created by humans. Because the human body is made up of approximately 85 percent liquid, which is vi Ebook Occupational safety and health for technologists, engineers, and managers (8/E): Part 2rtually incompressible, increasing pressure does not create problems by itself. Problems can result from air being trapped or expanded within body cavEbook Occupational safety and health for technologists, engineers, and managers (8/E): Part 2
ities.When sinus passages are blocked so that air cannot pass easily from the sinuses to the nose, expansion of the air in these sinuses can lead to pSEVENTEENPRESSURE HAZARDSMAJOR TOPICS►Pressure Hazards Defined►Sources of Pressure Hazards►Boilers and Pressure Hazards►High-Temperature Water Hazards Ebook Occupational safety and health for technologists, engineers, and managers (8/E): Part 2e decreases. Expansion of the air in blocked sinus passages or the middle ear occurs with a rapid increase in altitude or rapid ascent underwater. This can cause pain and, if not eventually relieved, disease. Under extreme circumstances of rapid ascent from underwater diving or high-altitude decompr Ebook Occupational safety and health for technologists, engineers, and managers (8/E): Part 2ession, lungs can rupture.Nitrogen absorption into the body tissues can become excessive during underwater diving and breathing of nitrogen-enriched aEbook Occupational safety and health for technologists, engineers, and managers (8/E): Part 2
ir. Nitrogen permeation of tissues occurs in proportion to the partial pressure of nitrogen taken in. If the nitrogen is permeating tissues faster thaSEVENTEENPRESSURE HAZARDSMAJOR TOPICS►Pressure Hazards Defined►Sources of Pressure Hazards►Boilers and Pressure Hazards►High-Temperature Water Hazards Ebook Occupational safety and health for technologists, engineers, and managers (8/E): Part 2pid rise from sea level to at least 5,486 meters (18,000 feet) or a rapid ascent from around 40 to 20 meters (132 to 66 feet) underwater. Several factors influence the onset of decompression sickness:■A history of previous decompression sickness increases the probability of another attack.■Age is a Ebook Occupational safety and health for technologists, engineers, and managers (8/E): Part 2component. Being over 30 increases the chances of an attack.■Physical fitness plays a role. People in better condition have a reduced chance of the siEbook Occupational safety and health for technologists, engineers, and managers (8/E): Part 2
ckness. Previously broken bones and joint injuries are often the sites of pain.SEVENTEENPRESSURE HAZARDSMAJOR TOPICS►Pressure Hazards Defined►Sources of Pressure Hazards►Boilers and Pressure Hazards►High-Temperature Water HazardsSEVENTEENPRESSURE HAZARDSMAJOR TOPICS►Pressure Hazards Defined►Sources of Pressure Hazards►Boilers and Pressure Hazards►High-Temperature Water HazardsGọi ngay
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