Ch02 biological begginning SM2
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Ch02 biological begginning SM2
CHAPTER 2: BIOLOGICAL BEGINNINGSChapter OutlinePlease note that much of this information is quotedfrom the textI.THE EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVEA.Natural Ch02 biological begginning SM2l Selection and Adaptive Behavior•Natural selection is the evolutionary process proposed by Charles Darwin that favors individuals of a species that are best adapted to survive and reproduce.•Adaptive behavior is behavior that promotes an organism's survival in the natural habitat.B.Evolutionary Psy Ch02 biological begginning SM2chology•Evolutionary psychology emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and "survival of the fittest” in explaining behavior.•The evoluCh02 biological begginning SM2
tionary process of natural selection favors behaviors that increase an organism’s reproductive success and its ability to pass its genes to the next gCHAPTER 2: BIOLOGICAL BEGINNINGSChapter OutlinePlease note that much of this information is quotedfrom the textI.THE EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVEA.Natural Ch02 biological begginning SM2 the complexity of human societies.b.Many of our evolved psychological mechanisms are domain-specific, such as language and information processing.c.Evolved mechanisms are not always adaptive in contemporary society'.2.Evolution and Life-Span Developmenta.According to Paul Baltes, the benefits of ev Ch02 biological begginning SM2olutionary' selection decrease with age. mainly because of a decline in reproductive fitness.b.While evolutionary' selection benefits decrease with agCh02 biological begginning SM2
e. cultural needs increase.3.Evaluating Evolutionary Psychology•Albert Bandura, the social cognitive theorist, acknowledges evolution's important roleCHAPTER 2: BIOLOGICAL BEGINNINGSChapter OutlinePlease note that much of this information is quotedfrom the textI.THE EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVEA.Natural Ch02 biological begginning SM2bidirectional view that enables organisms to alter and construct new environmental conditions.•Biology allows for a broad range of cultural possibilities.II.GENETIC FOUNDATIONS OF DEVELOPMENT• The principles of genetics explain the mechanism for transmitting characteristics from one generation to th Ch02 biological begginning SM2e next. Each individual has a genetic code that we inherited from our parents within every' cell in our bodies.A.The Collaborative Gene•Chromosomes arCh02 biological begginning SM2
e threadlike structures that come in 23 pairs, one member of each pancoming from each parent. Chromosomes contain the genetic substance deoxyribonucleCHAPTER 2: BIOLOGICAL BEGINNINGSChapter OutlinePlease note that much of this information is quotedfrom the textI.THE EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVEA.Natural Ch02 biological begginning SM2nts composed of DNA. Genes act as a blueprint for cells to reproduce themselves and manufacture proteins that maintain life.•The activity of genes (genetic expression) is affected by their environment.•The human genome consists of many genes that collaborate both with each other and With nongenetic Ch02 biological begginning SM2factors inside and outside the body.B.Genes and ChromosomesCopyright £ 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distributioCh02 biological begginning SM2
n withoutthe prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.•Mitosis. Meiosis. and Fertilization•Mitosis is the process by which each chromosome in thCHAPTER 2: BIOLOGICAL BEGINNINGSChapter OutlinePlease note that much of this information is quotedfrom the textI.THE EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVEA.Natural Ch02 biological begginning SM2ave half the genetic material of the parent cell,•Human reproduction begins when a female gamete (ovum) is fertilized by a male gamete (sperm) to create a single cell called a zygote.•Genetic variability is ensured through the process of meiosis—pieces of the parents’ chromosomes are exchanged, whic Ch02 biological begginning SM2h creates a new combination of genes.•The 23rd pair of chromosomes differs in males and females. In males, the 23rd pair IS XY. whereas 111 females itCh02 biological begginning SM2
is XX.CHAPTER 2: BIOLOGICAL BEGINNINGSChapter OutlinePlease note that much of this information is quotedfrom the textI.THE EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVEA.NaturalCHAPTER 2: BIOLOGICAL BEGINNINGSChapter OutlinePlease note that much of this information is quotedfrom the textI.THE EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVEA.NaturalGọi ngay
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