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Using LD the GNU linker

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Using LD the GNU linker

https://khothuvien.cori!Using IdThe GNU linkerId version 2Version 2.11.90Steve Chamberlain Ian Lance TaylorRed Hat Inc nickc<«crcdhat .corn. doc'Orcdh

Using LD the GNU linker hat .com Using LD. the GNU linker Edited by Jeffrey Osier (jcffrcyOcygnus.com)Copyright © 1991, 92, 93, 91, 95, 90, 97, 98, 99, 2000 h’r™ Software I'b

nndation, Inc.Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. Version 1.1 Using LD the GNU linker

or any later version published by the l'¥™ Software I'biindal.ion; with no Invariant Sections, with no l,'ront-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Te

Using LD the GNU linker

xts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU 1‘Yce Documentation License".Chapter I: Overview1 OverviewId combines a number of

https://khothuvien.cori!Using IdThe GNU linkerId version 2Version 2.11.90Steve Chamberlain Ian Lance TaylorRed Hat Inc nickc<«crcdhat .corn. doc'Orcdh

Using LD the GNU linker nker Command Language fill's written ill a superset, of AT&T’s Link Editor Command Language syntax. 1.0 provide explicit and total control over the li

nking process.I llis version of Id uses the general purpose BED libraries Io operate on object files. This allows id Io read, combine, and write objec Using LD the GNU linker

t files in many different formats for example, COEE or a.out. Different formats may he linked together Io produce any available kind of object file. S

Using LD the GNU linker

ei- Chapter 5 |BI'I) . page 57. for more informal ion.Aside from its flexibility, the GNU linker is more helpful than other linkers in providing diagn

https://khothuvien.cori!Using IdThe GNU linkerId version 2Version 2.11.90Steve Chamberlain Ian Lance TaylorRed Hat Inc nickc<«crcdhat .corn. doc'Orcdh

Using LD the GNU linker dentify other errors (or. in some cases, to get an output file in spite of the error).Using LD, the GNU linkerChapter 2: Invocation2 InvocationThe GNU

linker Id is meant to cover a broad range of situations, and to be as compatible as possible with other linkers. As a result, you have many choices t Using LD the GNU linker

o control its behavior.2.1 Command Line OptionsThe linker supports H plethora of command-line options, but ill actual practice few of (hem arc used il

Using LD the GNU linker

l any particular context. I'br instance, a frequent. use of Id is to link standard Unix object lilcs on a standard, supported Unix system. Ou such a s

https://khothuvien.cori!Using IdThe GNU linkerId version 2Version 2.11.90Steve Chamberlain Ian Lance TaylorRed Hat Inc nickc<«crcdhat .corn. doc'Orcdh

Using LD the GNU linker rtO.o with hello. o and the library libc. a. which will come from the standard search directories. (See the discussion of the ‘ 1’ option below.)Some

of the cominand-1 ine options to Id may Im' specified at any point in the command line. However, options which refer to lilcs, such as ‘-1’ or ‘-T’, c Using LD the GNU linker

ause the lile to Im' read al the point at which the option appears in the command line, relative to the object (ill's and ot her file options. KejM'at

Using LD the GNU linker

ing lion-file options with a different argument will cither have no further clfcct, or override prior occurrences (those further to the left on the co

https://khothuvien.cori!Using IdThe GNU linkerId version 2Version 2.11.90Steve Chamberlain Ian Lance TaylorRed Hat Inc nickc<«crcdhat .corn. doc'Orcdh

Using LD the GNU linker ject files or archives which arc to bl' linked together. They may follow, precede, or be mixed in with oominand-line options, except that an object fi

le argument may not be placed between an option and its argument.Usually the linker is invoked with at least one object file, but you can specify othe Using LD the GNU linker

r forms of binary input, files using ‘-1*, ‘-R-, and the script, command language. If no binary input files at all arc specified, the linker docs not

Using LD the GNU linker

produce any output , and issues the message ‘No input files’.If t he linker can not recognize the format, of an object file, it will assume that it is

https://khothuvien.cori!Using IdThe GNU linkerId version 2Version 2.11.90Steve Chamberlain Ian Lance TaylorRed Hat Inc nickc<«crcdhat .corn. doc'Orcdh

Using LD the GNU linker ified by using ‘-T’). This feature permits the linker 1.0 link against a lile which appears 1.0 be an object or an archive, but actually merely doline

s some symbol values, or uses INPUT or GROUP 1.0 load other objects. Note that specifying a script, in this way should only be used 1.0 augment, the m Using LD the GNU linker

ain linker script: if you want to use some command t hat logically can only apjMrar once, such as t he SECTIONS or MEMORY command. you must replace th

Using LD the GNU linker

e default linker script using the ‘ T’ option. Sec Chapter 3 [Scripts], page 25.For options whose names arc a single letter, option arguments must, ei

https://khothuvien.cori!Using IdThe GNU linkerId version 2Version 2.11.90Steve Chamberlain Ian Lance TaylorRed Hat Inc nickc<«crcdhat .corn. doc'Orcdh

Using LD the GNU linker hem.For options whose names arc multiple letters, cither one dash or two can precede the option name; for example, ‘-trace-symbol’ and ‘—trace-symbol

' arc equivalent. Note - there is one exception Io I his rule. Mult iplc letter options I hat start wit h a lower case 'o’ can only Im' proceeded by t Using LD the GNU linker

wo dashes. 'This is Io reduce confusion with I lie ‘-o’ option. So for example4Using LD, the GNU linker‘-omagic’ sets the output file name to magic' w

Using LD the GNU linker

hereas ‘—omagic' sets the NMAGIC Hag on the output.Arguments to multiple-letter options must either be separated from the option name by an equals sig

https://khothuvien.cori!Using IdThe GNU linkerId version 2Version 2.11.90Steve Chamberlain Ian Lance TaylorRed Hat Inc nickc<«crcdhat .corn. doc'Orcdh

Using LD the GNU linker equivalent. Unique abbreviations of the names of multiple-letter options arc accepted.

https://khothuvien.cori!Using IdThe GNU linkerId version 2Version 2.11.90Steve Chamberlain Ian Lance TaylorRed Hat Inc nickc<«crcdhat .corn. doc'Orcdh

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