AN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATS
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: AN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATS
AN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATS
An Investigation into Metadata for Long-Lived Geospatial data FormatsPrepared for the National Geospatial Digital Archive project and funded by the Na AN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATSational Digital Information and Infrastructure Preservation Program for Digital Library Systems and Services, Stanford University Libraries by Nancy Hoebelheinrich, nhoebeliffstanford.edu and John Banning, iwbanning @ọmail.comCreation Date: 11 March 2008Adapted for Publication 2 July 2008Version:1.1 AN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATSStatus:FinalEXECUTIVE SUMMARYAs more and more digital data is created, used and re-used, it is becoming increasingly clear that some digital data, incAN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATS
luding geospatial data created for a myriad of scientific and general purposes, may need to be kept for the long term. What kind of metadata is neededAn Investigation into Metadata for Long-Lived Geospatial data FormatsPrepared for the National Geospatial Digital Archive project and funded by the Na AN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATSd metadata are important for digital data collections coming from the cultural heritage arena, such as photographic images, encoded texts, audio and video files, and even web sites and the data sometimes derived from interaction with them. Does the experience with cultural heritage digital resources AN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATS answer the same question for geospatial data?As a part of the efforts to create the National Geospatial Digital Archive (NGDA). a National Digital InAN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATS
formation Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP) project funded by the Library' of Congress, this paper addresses the question of what kind An Investigation into Metadata for Long-Lived Geospatial data FormatsPrepared for the National Geospatial Digital Archive project and funded by the Na AN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATSto best describe those data elements necessary for archiving complex geospatial data as well as what if any, auxiliary data sources are needed for correctly understanding the data. Recommendations for data elements and attributes will be evaluated according to both their logical and logistical feasi AN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATSbility. Building on research done previously within the science dataset and GIS preservation communities, we will suggest necessary metadata elementsAN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATS
for the following categories: environmentcoinputing platform, semantic underpinnings, domain specific terminology, provenance, data quality, and approAn Investigation into Metadata for Long-Lived Geospatial data FormatsPrepared for the National Geospatial Digital Archive project and funded by the Na AN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATSthe content standard endorsed by the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC). the work of the OCLC/RLG sponsored PREMIS work hup://www.oclc.org/researclVproiects/pmwg/ and that of CIESIN, the guidelines for Geospatial Electronic Records (GER). In addition, there will be a discussion of the kinds of AN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATS information that should be included in a format registry for geospatial materials using a common different geospatial format as an example.The concluAN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATS
sion drawn from the research is that given both the ubiquity and the comprehensiveness of the FGDC content standard, at this time it is sensible to inAn Investigation into Metadata for Long-Lived Geospatial data FormatsPrepared for the National Geospatial Digital Archive project and funded by the Na AN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATStigated herein. (ESRI shapefiles. DOQQ's. DRG's and Landsat 7 datasets). The combination of the FGDC metadata and PREMIS goes a long way to satisfy the multiple preservation concepts discussed within the paper, although more research needs to be done with other geospatial and other science data sets AN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATS to explore how best to use existing elements within the PREMIS Object entity for documenting contextual and provenance information for science data sAN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATS
ets.2BackgroundAs more and more digital data is created, used and rc-used, it is becoming increasingly clear that some digital data, including geospatAn Investigation into Metadata for Long-Lived Geospatial data FormatsPrepared for the National Geospatial Digital Archive project and funded by the Na AN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATSreservation Coalition (DPC),“ lhe continuing pace of development in digital technologies opens up many exciting new opportunities in both our leisure lime and professional lives. Business records, photographs, communications and research data are now all created and stored digitally. However, in man AN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATSy cases little thought has been given to how these computer tiles will be accessed in the future, even within the nexl decade or so. F.ven if lhe fileAN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATS
s themselves survive over lime, lhe hardware and the software to make sense of them may not. As a result, ‘digital preservation’ is required to ensureAn Investigation into Metadata for Long-Lived Geospatial data FormatsPrepared for the National Geospatial Digital Archive project and funded by the Na AN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATSage institutions such as libraries, archives and museums have seen it as their mission to collect, protect and maintain digital collections just as they have done for print-based or "physical” collections. Only recently have other institutions such as the United States National Science Board noted t AN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATShat it is becoming critical to take steps to ensure that “long-lived digital data collections” are accessible far into the future.In the September 200AN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATS
5 report, “Long-Lived Digital Data Collections: Enabling research and education in the 21“ century”, the National Science Board’s Long-lived Data CollAn Investigation into Metadata for Long-Lived Geospatial data FormatsPrepared for the National Geospatial Digital Archive project and funded by the Na AN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATSs that are often the result of research supported by the National Science Foundation and other governmental agencies. From this analysis, the Task Force issued recommendations lhal the NSF and the National Science Board (NSB) were asked to better ensure that digital data, and digital data collection AN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATSs arc preserved for the long-term2 3.Why is it so difficult to preserve digital dala? One key factor has to do with (he storage of the digital informaAN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATS
tion, i.c., ensuring that the physical bits last over time. 1 he Dl’C report notes a number of factors that make long term storage of digital informatAn Investigation into Metadata for Long-Lived Geospatial data FormatsPrepared for the National Geospatial Digital Archive project and funded by the Na AN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATSal preservation needs in die UK", published by the Digital Preservation Coalition. York Science Park. Hcslington,YORK YOU) 3DG. 2006, http:// www.dpcoiilinc.ufg, p. 6.• National Science Board, “Long-lived Digital Data Collections: Enabling research and education in the 21* century", National Science AN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATS Foundation. September 2005.3 Waller, Martin, p. 8.3•Obsolescence of the software used to view or analyze the data•Obsolescence of the hardware requirAN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATS
ed to run the software•Failure to document the format adequately•Long-term management of the dataStorage of the physical bits is not enough as noted bAn Investigation into Metadata for Long-Lived Geospatial data FormatsPrepared for the National Geospatial Digital Archive project and funded by the Na AN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATSl bits] however, is only part of the preservation process. Digital objects are not immutable: therefore, the change history’ of the object must be maintained over time to ensure its authenticity and integrity. Access technologies for digital objects often become obsolete: therefore, it may be necess AN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATSary' to encapsulate with the object information about the relevant hardware environment, operating system, and rendering software. All of this informaAN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATS
tion, as well as other forms of description and documentation, can be captured in the metadata associated with a digital object."4 *The NSF report takAn Investigation into Metadata for Long-Lived Geospatial data FormatsPrepared for the National Geospatial Digital Archive project and funded by the Na AN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATS, context, and source (e.g., experimental parameters and environmental conditions) of the data collection - collectively called "metadata.3” But, what kind of metadata is needed for long term preservation of digital information?Some progress has been made in understanding what policies, treatment, c AN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATSontext and explicitly added metadata are important for digital data collections coming from the cultural heritage arena, such as photographic images,AN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATS
encoded texts, audio and video files, and even web sites and the data sometimes derived from interaction with them. As noted by the DPC report previouAn Investigation into Metadata for Long-Lived Geospatial data FormatsPrepared for the National Geospatial Digital Archive project and funded by the Na AN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATShe formats and/or data types of the information. Comprehension of the format and’or data type of a resource may support re-creation or "re-hydration"of the data at a later date. Such an understanding may also increase the variety of appropriate future uses of the data. Work being conducted by the Gl AN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATSobal Digital Format Registry (GDFR) aims at capturing this type of information for existing digital formats because current registries do "not captureAN INVESTIGATION INTO METADATA FOR LONG-LIVED GEOSPATIAL DATA FORMATS
format-specific information at an appropriate level of granularity, or in sufficient level of detail, for many digital repositor}' activities".6 VariGọi ngay
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