LBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: LBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007
LBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007
LBNL-56279 : To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness. Jan. 2007QUANTUM APPROACHES TO CONSCIOUSNESS.Henry p. StappTheoretical Physics GroupLaw LBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007wrence Berkeley National LaboratoryUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeley. CA 94720This work was supported by the Director, office of Science, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH112311. Introduction.Quantum approaches to consciousness are LBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007 sometimes said to be motivated simply by the idea that quantum theory is a mystery and consciousness is a mystery, so perhaps the two are related. ThLBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007
at opinion betrays a profound misunderstanding of the nature of quantum mechanics, which consists fundamentally of a pragmatic scientific solution to LBNL-56279 : To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness. Jan. 2007QUANTUM APPROACHES TO CONSCIOUSNESS.Henry p. StappTheoretical Physics GroupLaw LBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007a rationally coherent and practically useful linkage between the two kinds of descriptions that jointly comprise the foundation of science. Descriptions of the first kind are accounts of psychologically experienced empirical findings, expressed in a language that allows to US communicate to our coll LBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007eagues what we have done and what we have learned. Descriptions of the second kind are specifications of physical properties, which are expressed by aLBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007
ssigning mathematical properties to space-time points, and formulating laws that determine how these properties evolve over the course of time. Bohr. LBNL-56279 : To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness. Jan. 2007QUANTUM APPROACHES TO CONSCIOUSNESS.Henry p. StappTheoretical Physics GroupLaw LBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007eir seminal discovery was extended by John von Neumann from the domain of atomic science to the realm of neuroscience, and in particular to the problem of understanding and describing the causal connections between the minds and the brains of human beings.The magnitude of the difference between the LBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007quantum and classical conceptions of the connection between mind and brain can scarcely be exaggerated. All approaches to this problem based on the prLBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007
ecepts of classical physics founder first on the problem of the lack of any need within classical mechanics for consciousness to exist at all. and secLBNL-56279 : To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness. Jan. 2007QUANTUM APPROACHES TO CONSCIOUSNESS.Henry p. StappTheoretical Physics GroupLaw LBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007produced by, or naturally come to be associated with, the motions of the things that classical physics claims the physical world to be made of. The first problem is that, according to precepts of classical physics, the causal properties that it explicitly mentions suffice, by themselves, with no ack LBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007nowledgement of the existence of consciousness, to completely specify all physical properties of the universe, including the activities of our bodiesLBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007
and brains. According to the conceptual structure of classical physics, everything physical would go on just the same if nothing existed but the physiLBNL-56279 : To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness. Jan. 2007QUANTUM APPROACHES TO CONSCIOUSNESS.Henry p. StappTheoretical Physics GroupLaw LBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007r electrons, nor any of the other entities, nor combinations of the entities that populate the world make choices on the basis of ideas. The world described by the concepts classical physics has been systematically stripped of, and IS consequently bereft of. the concept of choices based on conscious LBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007ly experienced ideas. Thus the stubborn fact that idea-like realities do exist enforces an awkward departure of science from a purely naturalistic staLBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007
nce. Nonphysical features such as conscious thoughts, ideas, and feelings must be added, for no apparent naturalistic, physical, or rational reason, tLBNL-56279 : To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness. Jan. 2007QUANTUM APPROACHES TO CONSCIOUSNESS.Henry p. StappTheoretical Physics GroupLaw LBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007ical physics and the world we inhabit and do science in.These difficulties have been much discussed by many philosophers, who have proposed many different approaches. But in view of the known failure of classical physics to be able to describe the macroscopic properties of systems whose behaviors ca LBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007n depend sensitively on the behaviors of their atomic constituents, and the further fact that orthodox contemporary physical theory brings conscious cLBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007
hoices by human agents into physical theory in an essential way, the question must be asked whether these philosophical efforts accord with twentieth LBNL-56279 : To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness. Jan. 2007QUANTUM APPROACHES TO CONSCIOUSNESS.Henry p. StappTheoretical Physics GroupLaw LBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007ysics in a domain where that approximation is inadequate.Both of the above-mentioned difficulties are resolved in a rationally coherent and practically useful way by quantum mechanics. On the one hand, a key basic precept of the quantum approach, as it IS both practiced and taught, IS that choices m LBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007ade by human beings play a key and irreducible role in the dynamics. On the other hand, the great disparity within classical physics between the experLBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007
iential and physical aspects of nature IS resolved in the quantum approach by altering the assumptions about the nature of the physical universe. The LBNL-56279 : To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness. Jan. 2007QUANTUM APPROACHES TO CONSCIOUSNESS.Henry p. StappTheoretical Physics GroupLaw LBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007th experiential aspects and physical aspects: Each such event injects information, or “knowledge", into an information-bearing mathematically described physical state. An important feature of this radical revamping of the conceptual2foundations is that it leaves unchanged, at the practical level, mo LBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007st of classical physics. Apart from making room for, and a strict need for. efficacious conscious choices, the radical changes introduced at the foundLBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007
ational level by quantum mechanics preserve at the pragmatic level almost all of classical physics.In the remainder of this introductory section I shaLBNL-56279 : To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness. Jan. 2007QUANTUM APPROACHES TO CONSCIOUSNESS.Henry p. StappTheoretical Physics GroupLaw LBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007 conscious brains. In succeeding sections I describe the most prominent of the many efforts now being made by physicists to apply von Neumann's theory to recent developments in neuroscience.The quantum conception of the connection between the psychologically and physically described components of sc LBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007ientific practice was achieved by abandoning the classical picture of the physical world that had ruled science since the time of Newton, Galileo, andLBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007
Descartes. The building blocks of science were shifted from descriptions of the behaviors of tiny bits of mindless matter to accounts of the actions LBNL-56279 : To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness. Jan. 2007QUANTUM APPROACHES TO CONSCIOUSNESS.Henry p. StappTheoretical Physics GroupLaw LBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007ch effectively excluded our conscious thoughts from any causal role in the mechanical workings of Nature, to its twentieth century form, which focuses on our active engagement with Nature, and on what we can learn by taking appropriate actions.Twentieth century developments have thus highlighted the LBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007 fact that science is a human activity that involves us not as passive witnesses of a mechanically controlled universe, but as agents that can freelyLBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007
choose to perform causally efficacious actions. The basic laws of nature, as they are now understood, not only fail to determine how we will act. but.LBNL-56279 : To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness. Jan. 2007QUANTUM APPROACHES TO CONSCIOUSNESS.Henry p. StappTheoretical Physics GroupLaw LBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007Bohr's famous dictum:“In the great drama of existence we ourselves are both actors and spectators." (Bohr. 1963. p. 15:1958. p. 81)It is more concretely expressed in statements such as:"The freedom of experimentation, presupposed in classical physics, is of course retained and corresponds to the fre LBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007e choice of experimental arrangement for which the mathematical structure of the quantum mechanical formalism offers the appropriate latitude." (Bohr.LBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007
1958. p. 73}The most important innovation of quantum theory, from a philosophical perspective, is the fact that it is formulated in terms of an interLBNL-56279 : To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness. Jan. 2007QUANTUM APPROACHES TO CONSCIOUSNESS.Henry p. StappTheoretical Physics GroupLaw LBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007oose which aspect of nature they will probe. This crack, or gap, in the mechanistic world view leads to profound changes in our conception of nature and the place of human beings within it.Another key innovation pertains to the nature of the stuff of the physically/mathematically described universe. LBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007 The switch is succinctly summarized in Heisenberg's famous assertion:"The conception of the objective reality of the elementary particles has thus evLBNL-56279 To Appear in Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, Jan. 2007
aporated not into the cloud of some obscure new reality concept, but into the transparent clarity of a mathematics that represents no longer the behavGọi ngay
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