Punctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamics
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Punctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamics
Punctuating What Equilibrium?Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy DynamicsBenjamin Cashore (corresp Punctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamicsponding author)Associate Professor. School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. Yale University 230 Prospect Street. New Haven. CT USA 06511-21S9 bepiamtn.cashore^ vale.edu. 203 432-3009 (voice), 203 432-0026 (fax)&Michael HowlettBurnaby Mountain Professor. Department of Political Science.Simon Fr Punctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamicsaser University. Burnaby. British Columbia. Canada. V5A 1S6 howlettigsfu ca. 604.291.3082 (voice). 604.291.4786 (FAX)For comments on drafts of this esPunctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamics
say we thank Robert Repetto. Craig Thomas, and Frank Baumgartner, as well as participants in the 2004 APSA panel to which an earlier draft of this papPunctuating What Equilibrium?Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy DynamicsBenjamin Cashore (corresp Punctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamicsord Foundation.Omitted citations to our work:Cashore. Benjamin. 1997. Governing Forestry: Environmental Group Influence in British Columbia and the US Pacific Northwest. PhD, Political Science. University of Toronto. Toronto.-------. 1999. Chapter Three: US Pacific Northwest. In Forest Policy: Inter Punctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamicsnational Case Studies, edited by B. Wilson, K. V. Kooten. I. Vertinsky and L. Arthur. Oxon. UK: CABI Publications.Cashore. Benjamin, and Graeme Auld.Punctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamics
2003. The British Columbia Environmental Forest Policy Record in Comparative Perspective. Journal of Forestry.Cashore. Benjamin. George Hoberg. MichaePunctuating What Equilibrium?Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy DynamicsBenjamin Cashore (corresp Punctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamicsritish Columbia Press.Howlett, Michael. 2002. Do Networks Matter-? Linking Policy Network Structure to Policy Outcomes: Evidence from Four Canadian Policy Sectors 1990-2000. Canadian Journal of Political Science 35 (2):235- 267.Howlett, Michael, and M. Ramesh. 2002. The Policy Effects of Internation Punctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamicsalization: A Subsystem Adjustment Analysis of Policy Change. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis A (3):31-50.Rayner. Jeremy. Michael Howlett. JeremPunctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamics
y Wilson. Benjamin Cashore. and George Hoberg. 2001. Privileging the Sub-Sector: Critical Sub-Sectors and Sectoral Relationships in Forest Policy-MakiPunctuating What Equilibrium?Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy DynamicsBenjamin Cashore (corresp Punctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamicssome governments respond with paradigmatic policy changes, while others seem to respond With what has been characterized as “incremental” policy change, or none at all? This question lias challenged students of public policy-making since the origins of the field (True 2000) and has increasingly-driv Punctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamicsen the interests of comparative policy scholars as they attempt to describe and explain policy dynamics that entail repeated variations, including conPunctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamics
vergence and divergence, in national and sub-national responses to similar policy problems (Bennett 1991; Seeliger 1996). As empirical assessments havPunctuating What Equilibrium?Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy DynamicsBenjamin Cashore (corresp Punctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamicsd economists have increasingly focused attention on the role institutions play as mediators of conflict and potential explanations of continuing policy differences (Bennett. 1991; Mahoney 2000; Baumgartner and Jones 2002; Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith 1993).This scholarship has underscored the need to Punctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamicsbetter understand the modalities of different institutional designs; the processes through which institutions force policy responses in a way that maiPunctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamics
ntain or reproduce themselves; and the conditions under which institutions disintegrate, giving way to new policy architectures (Clemens and Cook 1999Punctuating What Equilibrium?Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy DynamicsBenjamin Cashore (corresp Punctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamicserable uncertainty over which institutional designs facilitate or create conditions favoring specific types of policy change (Genschel 1997; Deeg 2001).This article argues that many of the difficulties apparent in contemporary comparative public policy research stems from two conceptual problems: th Punctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamicse tendency to treat policy change and stability as different dependent variables which lias focused attention away from the role institutions play inPunctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamics
both processes; and the limited attention placed on conceptualizing and9measuring the different elements of a policy that are altered in any change prPunctuating What Equilibrium?Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy DynamicsBenjamin Cashore (corresp Punctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamics. By tailing to adequately identify- classify common types of policy change, current theories of policy development often overgeneralize, assigning categories such as "equilibrium”, "paradigmatic” or “incremental” change to an entire policy area rather than accurately characterizing rhe specific set Punctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamics of policy dynamics that occur within the different elements or aspects of policy which comprise that area.This article uses the case of US forest polPunctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamics
icy development over the period 1980-2001 to assess the utility the ‘punctuated equilibrium model of policy change (True. Jones, and Baumgartner 1999;Punctuating What Equilibrium?Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy DynamicsBenjamin Cashore (corresp Punctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamicseral and state levels in this area. Focusing on the role institutional structures in the two jurisdictions play in creating different "homeostatic" or self-correcting political processes (Buckley 1968; Gell-Mann 1992) the cases show how a policy system can be structured in such a way that change and Punctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamics stability can occur simultaneously within the different elements of a policy and. combined, create a distinctive pattern of policy development.IT. ThPunctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamics
e Need to Distinguish Between Policy Dynamics at Different Levels (Orders) of PolicyMike, my comments/changes here reflect the "confusion” from our caPunctuating What Equilibrium?Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy DynamicsBenjamin Cashore (corresp Punctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamicsment because it directly critiqued rite predominant tendency in studies of policy' change to conflate “policy” into one dependent variable (Hcclo 1976: Rose 1976). Drawing on divergent cases of economic policy development in Great Britain and France. Hall has gained widespread support (Campbell 1998 Punctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamics: Daugbjerg and Marsh 1998) for his argument that3distinguishing between the means and ends of policy-making, and between abstract and concrete aspectPunctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamics
s of policy outputs, might provide new Insights into processes of policy stability and development. Such an approach, for Hall, revealed three types oPunctuating What Equilibrium?Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy DynamicsBenjamin Cashore (corresp Punctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamicsments, such as increasing the safety requirements automobile manufacturers must follow or altering the level of allowed emissions from a factory, could change within existing institutional confines. Second order change, such actions as changing from an administered emission standard to the impositio Punctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamicsn of a tax on emissions in pollution control, were more durable, but could also still change within an existing policy regime. “Third order” policy goPunctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamics
als, such as, in the pollution example, a shift from a focus upon ex post end-of-pipe regulation to ex ante preventative production process design. HaPunctuating What Equilibrium?Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy DynamicsBenjamin Cashore (corresp Punctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamicsg of different policy development processes to the actual order or level of policy hl flux. But cumulative work in this area requires a recalibration of his classification system and his causal model. First, according to Hair own logic, we identify three levels of conceptual policy “goals”, “objecti Punctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamicsves” and “settings” each of which can be separated out regarding their ends and means components, generating at total of six possible modalities of poPunctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamics
licy (See Figure I).2(Ben will write a paragraph further elaborating this and pointing out the Weimer and Vining make lust such a distinction between Punctuating What Equilibrium?Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy DynamicsBenjamin Cashore (corresp Punctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamicso was clear that the third category was subject to very different forces of change than the first two.INSERT FIGURE 1Second, applying these six classifications of policy leads us to challenge two of the core assumptions of Hall's causal model that were subsequently taken for granted by most of the p Punctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamicsolicysciences literature. First, it cannot simply be assumed that change in a specific policy modality is4https://khothuvien.cori!directly related toPunctuating What Equilibrium Institutional Rigidities and Thermostatic Properties in Pacific Northwest Forest Policy Dynamics
either exogenous or endogenous factors. Hall induced this conclusion from his cases of European macro-economic policy formation m the 1970s and 1980sGọi ngay
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