RevisedAnalysis-NGA-1D-Simulations4
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RevisedAnalysis-NGA-1D-Simulations4
https: //k hoth u Vi en.com1iMapping the birch and grass pollen seasons in the2 UK using satellite sensor time-series 34Nabaz R. Khwarahm*1-2, Jadunan RevisedAnalysis-NGA-1D-Simulations4ndan Dash2, c. A. Skjoth3, R. M.Newnham4, B. Adams-5Groom3, K. Head5, Eric Caulton6, Peter M. Atkinson’-8,9 67:Universify of Sulaimani, College of Science Education. Biology Department, Sulaimani, QKurdistan Regional Government (KRG)9KTGIobal Environmental Change and Earth Observation Research Group RevisedAnalysis-NGA-1D-Simulations4, Geography and11 Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SOỈ7 IBJ, UK 1213* ndbaz.khwarahm(S>univ5ulredu4q; khwarahm21302(2>itRevisedAnalysis-NGA-1D-Simulations4
c.nl 14153National Pollen and Aerobiology Research Unit, University' of Worcester. Henwick Grove,^Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK17184School of Geography, Envihttps: //k hoth u Vi en.com1iMapping the birch and grass pollen seasons in the2 UK using satellite sensor time-series 34Nabaz R. Khwarahm*1-2, Jadunan RevisedAnalysis-NGA-1D-Simulations4es, University' of Plymouth. Plymouth, 22UK23246Centre Director & Hon. University' Research Fellow, Scottish Centre for Pollen Studies, 25Edinburgh Napier University, School of Life Science, Edinburgh. UK2627'Faculty of Science and Technology, Engineering Building, Lancaster University, Lancaster 28 RevisedAnalysis-NGA-1D-Simulations4LA1 4YR, UK29sFaculty of Geosciences, University' of Utrecht. Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The 30Netherlands319School of Geography, ArchaeologyRevisedAnalysis-NGA-1D-Simulations4
and Palaeoecology, Queen's University Belfast, BT732INN, Northern Ireland, UK3334Ab$traơ123https://khothuvien.cori!435Grass and birch pollen are two mhttps: //k hoth u Vi en.com1iMapping the birch and grass pollen seasons in the2 UK using satellite sensor time-series 34Nabaz R. Khwarahm*1-2, Jadunan RevisedAnalysis-NGA-1D-Simulations4 these allergens in the UK Is based on 37(1) measurements of pollen concentrations at a limited number of monitoring stations across the country and (11) 38general information about the phenological status of the vegetation. Thus, the current prediction methodology 39 provides only coarse spatial re RevisedAnalysis-NGA-1D-Simulations4solution representations. Most station-based approaches take into account only 401ocal observations of flowering, while only a small number of approacRevisedAnalysis-NGA-1D-Simulations4
hes take into account remote observations 41of land surface phenology. The systematic gathering of detailed information about vegetation status nationhttps: //k hoth u Vi en.com1iMapping the birch and grass pollen seasons in the2 UK using satellite sensor time-series 34Nabaz R. Khwarahm*1-2, Jadunan RevisedAnalysis-NGA-1D-Simulations4ables tliat are related to the flowering phenophase and, thus, pollen release. In turn, 44these estimates can be used to predict pollen release at a fine spatial resolution. In this study, time-series of 45MER1S Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index (MTCI) data were used to predict two key phonological vari RevisedAnalysis-NGA-1D-Simulations4ables: the Stan 46of season and peak of season. A technique was then developed to estimate the flowering phenophase of birch 47and grass from the MTCIRevisedAnalysis-NGA-1D-Simulations4
time-series. For birch, the timing of flowering was defined as the time after the Stan of 48the growing season when the MTC1 value reached 25% of thehttps: //k hoth u Vi en.com1iMapping the birch and grass pollen seasons in the2 UK using satellite sensor time-series 34Nabaz R. Khwarahm*1-2, Jadunan RevisedAnalysis-NGA-1D-Simulations4validated 50with data from nine pollen monitoring stations in the UK. For both birch and grass, we obtained large positive 51conelations between the MTCI-derived start of pollen season and die start of the pollen season defined using 52station data, with a slightly larger correlation observed for bi RevisedAnalysis-NGA-1D-Simulations4rch than for grass. The technique was applied to 53produce detailed maps for the flowering of birch and grass across the UK for each of the years fromRevisedAnalysis-NGA-1D-Simulations4
2003 to 542010. The results demonstrate that the remote sensing-based maps of onset flowering of birch and grass for the 55UK together with the pollehttps: //k hoth u Vi en.com1iMapping the birch and grass pollen seasons in the2 UK using satellite sensor time-series 34Nabaz R. Khwarahm*1-2, Jadunan RevisedAnalysis-NGA-1D-Simulations4o pollen allergy' sufferers in the 57UK.5859Keywords: Aerobiology, Phenology, Hay fever, Grass pollen, Birch pollen, Predicting model, MERIS MTCI, 60Onset of Birch flowering. Onset of Grass flowering. Onset of greenness61 62256 RevisedAnalysis-NGA-1D-Simulations4https: //k hoth u Vi en.com1iMapping the birch and grass pollen seasons in the2 UK using satellite sensor time-series 34Nabaz R. Khwarahm*1-2, JadunanGọi ngay
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