Shale gas content analysis - revised - ERSS
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Shale gas content analysis - revised - ERSS
CardiffUNIVERSITYOnline Research @ CardiffPRIFYSGOLCaeRDY[9This is an Open Access document downloaded from ORCA. Cardiff University's institutional re Shale gas content analysis - revised - ERSSepository: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/874l6/This is the author's version of a work that was submitted to / accepted for publication.Citation for final published version:Ashmoore. Olivia. Evensen. Darrick T. N.. Clarke. Chris. Krakower. Jennifer and Simon. Jeremy 2016. Regional newspaper coverage of shale Shale gas content analysis - revised - ERSSgas development across Ohio. New York, and Pennsylvania: Similarities, differences, and lessons. Energy Research & Social Science II . pp. HOIS?. l0.1Shale gas content analysis - revised - ERSS
016/j.erss.2015.09.005 filePublishers page: http://dx.doi.Org/10.l016/j.erss.2015.09.005Shale gas content analysis - revised - ERSS
nities experiencing shale gas development, the local media are an important information source on potential impacts of development; their coverage genCardiffUNIVERSITYOnline Research @ CardiffPRIFYSGOLCaeRDY[9This is an Open Access document downloaded from ORCA. Cardiff University's institutional re Shale gas content analysis - revised - ERSSnal newspapers in the northern United States (n= 1,958 articles) - two each in Ohio. New York, and Pennsylvania. Previous research showed similarities between the New York and Pennsylvania newspapers: differences emerged in nearby Ohio's coverage. In Ohio, similar percentages of articles mentioned e Shale gas content analysis - revised - ERSSconomic impacts as in Pennsylvania and New York, but significantly fewer articles mentioned environmental or social impacts. Furthermore, valence of eShale gas content analysis - revised - ERSS
conomic and social impacts was notably more positive in Ohio. This analysis highlights nuances inherent in regional discourse about shale gas developmCardiffUNIVERSITYOnline Research @ CardiffPRIFYSGOLCaeRDY[9This is an Open Access document downloaded from ORCA. Cardiff University's institutional re Shale gas content analysis - revised - ERSS gas development. (2) policy regulation of development, and (3) future research on social representations of emergent forms of energy extraction. We suggest the need, in social science research on energy development, to examine societal-level (not merely individual) influences on perceptions and to Shale gas content analysis - revised - ERSSaccount for nuances inherent in regional variation - infrequently manifest in national samplestudies.1. Introduction:‘Four hostile newspapers are moreShale gas content analysis - revised - ERSS
to be feared than a thousand bayonets.’- Napoleon BonaparteShale gas development via high-volume slick-water horizontal hydraulic fracturing (often cCardiffUNIVERSITYOnline Research @ CardiffPRIFYSGOLCaeRDY[9This is an Open Access document downloaded from ORCA. Cardiff University's institutional re Shale gas content analysis - revised - ERSSn governing this form of energyextraction has been promulgated in the European Union, several European member states. Canada, and the United States. China. Russia. South Africa, Argentina, Algeria, Australia, and other nations are estimated to have extensive shale gas resources and have been conside Shale gas content analysis - revised - ERSSring large scale development [2]. In the United States, natural gas extracted from shale formations comprised 23% of domestically produced natural gasShale gas content analysis - revised - ERSS
in 2010; by 2035. it is anticipated to contribute 49% of domestic gas production. Due to substantial shale gas development in the United States sinceCardiffUNIVERSITYOnline Research @ CardiffPRIFYSGOLCaeRDY[9This is an Open Access document downloaded from ORCA. Cardiff University's institutional re Shale gas content analysis - revised - ERSSer [3].As nations and sub-national entities (e.g.. states and provinces responsible for policy on shale gas development) consider whether and how to engage in such development, it is useful to know what information is available to members of the public on this topic. Public perceptions and support, Shale gas content analysis - revised - ERSSopposition can play a powerful role in shaping what policy options related to shale gas development emerge as viable and. indeed, whether developmentShale gas content analysis - revised - ERSS
occurs at all. Whilst understanding content of information sources on shale gas development cannot inform US1 Note We use the term 'shale gas developmCardiffUNIVERSITYOnline Research @ CardiffPRIFYSGOLCaeRDY[9This is an Open Access document downloaded from ORCA. Cardiff University's institutional re Shale gas content analysis - revised - ERSS term is perfect, for nuanced discussions of why to avoid use of ■ hacking-. please see [55.65],directly about people’s specific views on development, content analysis of commonly used information sources can provide a good idea of the topics.'issues people may think about when they consider shale g Shale gas content analysis - revised - ERSSas development [4]. Furthermore, news media arc recognised as an important source of information on emerging technologies, of which shale gas developmShale gas content analysis - revised - ERSS
ent is an example [5-71.Knowledge of key information sources available to the public on the topic of shale gas development offers insight into how thiCardiffUNIVERSITYOnline Research @ CardiffPRIFYSGOLCaeRDY[9This is an Open Access document downloaded from ORCA. Cardiff University's institutional re Shale gas content analysis - revised - ERSSularly on contentious issues, emerge via public discourse and then are internalised within individuals. To the extent that representations of shale gas development are socially-derived (i.e.. emerge through processes occurring at the societal-level, rather than through individual cognitions), commun Shale gas content analysis - revised - ERSSal information sources on this topic could be a powerful agenda setting force that shapes conversation on this issue.Although coverage of shale gas deShale gas content analysis - revised - ERSS
velopment occurs primarily at the national level in some nations (e.g., the United Kingdom [8]). much information shared on tills issue in the US is cCardiffUNIVERSITYOnline Research @ CardiffPRIFYSGOLCaeRDY[9This is an Open Access document downloaded from ORCA. Cardiff University's institutional re Shale gas content analysis - revised - ERSSdistinguished from national newspapers) as the single most used source for information on this issue from among fifteen potential sources (including all major forms of mass media. Internet, and communication with family and friends), Fifty-nine percent of respondents reported reading hearing about t Shale gas content analysis - revised - ERSShis topic ‘often’ from local newspapers [9J. A second random sample study of 6.000 residents in the Marcellus Shale region in NY and PA revealed thatShale gas content analysis - revised - ERSS
mass media (i.c.. newspaper, television, and. or radio, but excluding Internet) was the most frequently used source for information on3shale gas develCardiffUNIVERSITYOnline Research @ CardiffPRIFYSGOLCaeRDY[9This is an Open Access document downloaded from ORCA. Cardiff University's institutional re Shale gas content analysis - revised - ERSSr information source, save ‘neighbors, friends, and relatives'.Herein, we report and evaluate the results of a content analysis of regional newspaper coverage of shale gas development across three US states that overlay the Marcellus Shale. Utica Shale formations (New York [NY], Ohio [OH], and Penns Shale gas content analysis - revised - ERSSylvania [PA]). Through this analysis, we examine social representations (i.e.. common sense, as opposed to scientific technical, portrayals) of shaleShale gas content analysis - revised - ERSS
gas development. Results from the NY and PA content analyses have been reported previously [11]. This research builds upon the previous research by alCardiffUNIVERSITYOnline Research @ CardiffPRIFYSGOLCaeRDY[9This is an Open Access document downloaded from ORCA. Cardiff University's institutional re Shale gas content analysis - revised - ERSSilar in many ways, in this study we cast light on how coverage from newspapers in two moderately-sized cites in eastern OH differs in meaningful ways from coverage from two newspapers in similarly-sized cities in southern NY and two in northern PA.Unlike many nations where shale gas development is m Shale gas content analysis - revised - ERSSanaged predominantly at a national level and leasing of mineral rights occurs in major deals brokered between industry and the national government, reShale gas content analysis - revised - ERSS
gulation of shale gas development is far more localised in the US. Each state in which shale gas development occurs has different regulations, differeCardiffUNIVERSITYOnline Research @ CardiffPRIFYSGOLCaeRDY[9This is an Open Access document downloaded from ORCA. Cardiff University's institutional re Shale gas content analysis - revised - ERSSr nations, shale gas development has already-occurred to a substantial extent in the US; therefore, different experiences with extant development across regions, states may shape the discourse and representations of development uniquely in each area.4 Shale gas content analysis - revised - ERSSGọi ngay
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