Wind Projects CDM

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Wind Projects CDM

WIND POWER PROJECTS IN THE CDM: METHODOLOGIES AND TOOLS FOR BASELINES, CARBON FINANCING AND SUSTAINABILITY AN ALYSISLasse Ringius, Poul Erik Grohnheit

Wind Projects CDMt, Lars Henrik Nielsen, Anton-Louis Olivier, Jyoti Painuly, and Arturo VillavicencioRiso National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark December 20Ơ2Table of

ContentsTable of Contents........................................................................ĨEXECUTDE SUMMARY.................................... Wind Projects CDM

.....................................71.1Background___________—------------------------------------------—---------------71.2Implications <»r Baseline

Wind Projects CDM

Methodologies ill the Marrakesh Accords 81.2.1Which Baseline Methodology is Preferable?...................................91.3Carbon Financing 91.3.1

WIND POWER PROJECTS IN THE CDM: METHODOLOGIES AND TOOLS FOR BASELINES, CARBON FINANCING AND SUSTAINABILITY AN ALYSISLasse Ringius, Poul Erik Grohnheit

Wind Projects CDM.......101.3.3...............................................................................11Risk Mitigation through CO; Revenues...................

...............................111.4.Sustainability and Socio-Economic Benefits....................................111INTRODUCTION.................... Wind Projects CDM

...................................................132THE UNFCCC AND THE (DM.............................................................152.1Addition

Wind Projects CDM

ality..................................................................152.2Crediting Periods.........................................................

WIND POWER PROJECTS IN THE CDM: METHODOLOGIES AND TOOLS FOR BASELINES, CARBON FINANCING AND SUSTAINABILITY AN ALYSISLasse Ringius, Poul Erik Grohnheit

Wind Projects CDM.......................192.5Exemptions for Small-Scale CDM Projects........................................202.6Project Boundary and Emissions Leakage

.........................................212.7The CDM Project Cycle..........................................................212.7.1Project Developmen Wind Projects CDM

t Project Design Phase...................................222.7.2Validation and Registration................................................222.7.3.Mon

Wind Projects CDM

itoring................................................................232.7.4Verification and Certification..........................................

WIND POWER PROJECTS IN THE CDM: METHODOLOGIES AND TOOLS FOR BASELINES, CARBON FINANCING AND SUSTAINABILITY AN ALYSISLasse Ringius, Poul Erik Grohnheit

Wind Projects CDM.......................253.2Baselines......................................................................253.3Project-Specific and Standardized Base

lines....................................273.3.1Project-Specific Baselines..................................................273.3.2Standardized Baseli Wind Projects CDM

nes......................................................283.3.3Fixed vs. Revised and Static vs. Dynamic Baselines..........................293.4Inter

Wind Projects CDM

nationally Approved Baseline Approac hes and Concepts 30J. STANDARDIZED BASELINES FOR ZAFARANA..................................................31

WIND POWER PROJECTS IN THE CDM: METHODOLOGIES AND TOOLS FOR BASELINES, CARBON FINANCING AND SUSTAINABILITY AN ALYSISLasse Ringius, Poul Erik Grohnheit