Ebook Modelling optimization and control of biomedical systems: Part 2
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Ebook Modelling optimization and control of biomedical systems: Part 2
157Part II1595Part A: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Modelling,Model Analysis and OptimizationStamatina Zavitsanou\ Athanasios Mantalaris2, Michael c.Georg Ebook Modelling optimization and control of biomedical systems: Part 2giadis3, and Efstratios N. Pistikopoulos1' Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences. Harvard University, USA2 Department of Chemical Engineering. Imperial College I ondon. UK31 aboratory of Process Systems Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thesaloniki, Gree Ebook Modelling optimization and control of biomedical systems: Part 2ce4 fcxasA&M energy Institute, Artic McEcrrin Department of Chemical engineering, IcxasA&M University, USA5.a Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Modelling, ModEbook Modelling optimization and control of biomedical systems: Part 2
el Analysis and Optimization5.a.1 Introduction:Type 1 Diabetes MellitusType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a metabolic disorder that is characterized b157Part II1595Part A: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Modelling,Model Analysis and OptimizationStamatina Zavitsanou\ Athanasios Mantalaris2, Michael c.Georg Ebook Modelling optimization and control of biomedical systems: Part 2results from autoimmune destruction of beta cells in the pancreas, which is responsible for secretion of insulin, the hormone that contributes to glucose distribution in the human cells.'IT DM is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases of childhood. According to the American Diabetes Association, Ebook Modelling optimization and control of biomedical systems: Part 2 1 in 400-600 children and adolescents in the USA have TIDxM, and the incidence is increasing worldwide (Onkamo etal., 1999; Patterson etal., 2009) noEbook Modelling optimization and control of biomedical systems: Part 2
t only in populations with high incidence such as Finland (2010: 50/100,000 a year) but also in low-incidence populations (30/1 ()(),()()() a year) (s157Part II1595Part A: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Modelling,Model Analysis and OptimizationStamatina Zavitsanou\ Athanasios Mantalaris2, Michael c.Georg Ebook Modelling optimization and control of biomedical systems: Part 2dually over years. The risk of the complications can be decreased only when blood glucose is efficiently regulated.The most common treatment of T1DM is daily subcutaneous insulin injections. This method subjects the patient to several complications, such as requirement of the patient’s appropriate e Ebook Modelling optimization and control of biomedical systems: Part 2ducation and adherence to a specificModelling Optimization anti Control of Biomedical Systems, First Edition.Edited by Efstratios N. Pistikopoulos, loEbook Modelling optimization and control of biomedical systems: Part 2
ana Na$cu, and Eirini G. Velliou.© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published 2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.160 Modelling Optimization and Control of Biome157Part II1595Part A: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Modelling,Model Analysis and OptimizationStamatina Zavitsanou\ Athanasios Mantalaris2, Michael c.Georg Ebook Modelling optimization and control of biomedical systems: Part 2r.<4%4-6%6-8%8-10%10-14%14-20%>20%lifestyle, risk of hypoglycaemia and therefore ability of the patient to manage the hypoglycaemic episodes, infection of injected sites and so on. Additionally, the patient is restricted to his treatment therapy, meaning that participation in daily activities withou Ebook Modelling optimization and control of biomedical systems: Part 2t adhering to strict glycaemic control could provoke deviations from the normal glucose range, accompanied with medical consequences. Motivated by theEbook Modelling optimization and control of biomedical systems: Part 2
challenge to improve the living conditions of a diabetic patient and actually to adapt the insulin treatment to the patient’s life rather than the op157Part II1595Part A: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Modelling,Model Analysis and OptimizationStamatina Zavitsanou\ Athanasios Mantalaris2, Michael c.Georg Ebook Modelling optimization and control of biomedical systems: Part 2in the scientific society.5.a.1.1 The Concept of the Artificial PancreasCurrently, the most advanced insulin delivery system for patients with 1 1 DM is an insulin pump, rhe insulin pump delivers a basal dose of rapid-acting insulin and several bolus doses according to the meal plan of the patient. Ebook Modelling optimization and control of biomedical systems: Part 2Good glycaemic control requires 4-6 measurements of blood glucose per day. These measurements, taken either by standalone finger-stick meters or by coEbook Modelling optimization and control of biomedical systems: Part 2
ntinuous blood glucose sensors, are loaded into the pump usually by the user or by wireless connection. These measurements are an indicator of whether157Part II1595Part A: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Modelling,Model Analysis and OptimizationStamatina Zavitsanou\ Athanasios Mantalaris2, Michael c.Georg Ebook Modelling optimization and control of biomedical systems: Part 2gs.The appropriate basal dose for a specific patient is set by the physician, and it can be modified to several profiles (e.g. weekdays and weekends). The bolus doses are set by the patient himself, depending on the meal content, and indicated by the blood glucose levels.Part A: Type 1 Diabetes Mell Ebook Modelling optimization and control of biomedical systems: Part 2itus: Modelling, Model Analysis and Optimization I 161157Part II1595Part A: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Modelling,Model Analysis and OptimizationStamatina Zavitsanou\ Athanasios Mantalaris2, Michael c.Georg157Part II1595Part A: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Modelling,Model Analysis and OptimizationStamatina Zavitsanou\ Athanasios Mantalaris2, Michael c.GeorgGọi ngay
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