The New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativity
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The New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativity
The New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and RelativityR. E. Kastner Foundations of Physics Group University of Maryland. College Park40895ABS The New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and RelativitySTRACT. A recent ontological modification of Cramer’s Transactional Interpretation, called “Possibilist Transactional Interpretation” or PTI, is extended to the relativistic domain. The present interpretation clarifies the concept of ‘absorption.’ which plays a crucial role in TI (and in PTI). In pa The New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativityrticular, in the relativistic domain, coupling amplitudes between fields are interpreted as amplitudes for the generation of confirmation waves (CW) bThe New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativity
y a potential absorber in response to offer waves (OW), whereas in the nonrelativistic context cw are taken as generated with certainty. It is pointedThe New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and RelativityR. E. Kastner Foundations of Physics Group University of Maryland. College Park40895ABS The New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativityic quantum mechanics only applies to quanta considered as ’already in existence’ (i.e., ‘free quanta’), and therefore cannot fully account for the phenomenon of measurement, in which quanta are tied to sources and sinks.1. Introduction and BackgroundThe transactional interpretation of quantum mechan The New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativityics (TI) was first proposed byJohn G. Cramer in a series of papers in the 1980s (Cramer 1980.1983, 1986). The 1986 paper presented the key ideas and sThe New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativity
howed how the interpretation gives rise to a physical basis for the Bom Rule, which prescribes that the probability of an event is given by the squareThe New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and RelativityR. E. Kastner Foundations of Physics Group University of Maryland. College Park40895ABS The New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativitynamics (Wheeler and Feynman 1945, 1949). The WF theory proposed that radiation is a time-symmetric process, in which a charge emits a field in the form of half-retarded, half-advancedhttps://khothuvien.cori!solutions to the wave equation, and the response of absorbers combines with that primary fiel The New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativityd to create a radiative process that transfers energy from an emitter to an absorber.As noted in Cramer (1986), the original version of the TransactioThe New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativity
nal Interpretation (TI) already has basic compatibility with relativity in virtue of the fact that the realization of a transaction occurs with respecThe New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and RelativityR. E. Kastner Foundations of Physics Group University of Maryland. College Park40895ABS The New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativitympatibility with relativity is also evident in that it makes use of both the positive and negative energy solutions obtained from the Schrodinger equation and the complex conjugate Schrồdinger equation respectively, both of which are obtained from the relativistic Klein-Gordon equation by alternativ The New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativitye limiting procedures. Cramer has noted in (1980,1986) that in addition to Wheeler and Feynman, several authors (including Dirac) have laid groundworkThe New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativity
for and/or explored explicitly time-symmetric formulations of relativistic quantum theory with far more success than has generally been appreciated.1The New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and RelativityR. E. Kastner Foundations of Physics Group University of Maryland. College Park40895ABS The New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativityn challenges mounted against T1 can be satisfactorily addressed and resolved. This modified version proposes that offer and confirmation waves (OW and CW) exist in a sub-empirical, pre-spacetime realm (PST) of possibilities, and that it is actualized transactions which establish empirical spatiotemp The New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativityoral events. PST is considered to be the physical, if unobservable, referent for Hilbert Space (and, at the relativistic level, Fock Space). This papeThe New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativity
r is devoted to developing PTI in terms of a quantum relativistic extension of the Wheeler-Feynman theory' by Davies (1970,71,72).1.1 Emission and absThe New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and RelativityR. E. Kastner Foundations of Physics Group University of Maryland. College Park40895ABS The New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativitybsorption in TI, which is often misunderstood. Under TI, an ‘absorber’ is an entity which generates confirmation waves (CW) in response to an emitted offer wave (OW). The generation of a cw needs to be carefully distinguished from ‘absorption’1 E.g.. Dirac (1938), Hoyle and Narlikar (1969), Konopins The New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativityki (1980), Pegg (1975), Bennett (1987).meaning simply the absorption of energy, since not all absorbers will in fact receive the energy from a given eThe New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativity
mitter. In general, there will be several or many absorbers sending cw back to an emitter, but only one of them can receive the emitted energy. This iThe New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and RelativityR. E. Kastner Foundations of Physics Group University of Maryland. College Park40895ABS The New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativityall responding absorbers. It is the quantum level that cicatcs a semantic difficulty in that there arc entities (absorbers) that parĩicipaỉe in tire absorption process by generating cw. but don’t necessarily end up receiving energy. In everyday terms, these are like sweepstakes entr ants that are ne The New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativitycessary for the game Io be played, but who do not win it.A longstanding concern about the basic TI picture has been that the circumstances surroundingThe New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativity
absorption are not well-defined, and that ‘absorber’ could therefore he seen as a primitive term. This concern is squarely addressed and resolved in The New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and RelativityR. E. Kastner Foundations of Physics Group University of Maryland. College Park40895ABS The New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativityin terms of coupling between fields. Specifically, I propose that ‘absorption’ simply means annihilation of a quantum state, which is a perfectly well-defined physical process in the relativistic domain. Annihilation is defined by the action of an annihilation operator on an existing quantum state; The New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativitye.g.. 3ọ p> = 0>. Meanwhile, the braThe New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativity
surement depends crucially on these processes, which are not representable in nonrelativistic quantum theory. The fact that objections to 11 can be reThe New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and RelativityR. E. Kastner Foundations of Physics Group University of Maryland. College Park40895ABS The New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativityo include the relativistic domain to resolve the measurement problem.Thus, the c rucial feature ol TI.'PTT that allows it to "cut the Gordian knot” of the measurement problem is that it interprets absorption as a real physical proc ess that must be inc luded in the theoretical formalism in order to The New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativityaccount for any measurement result (or more generally, any determinate outcome associated with a physical system orEmission is of course defined by thThe New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativity
e action of the corresponding creation operator on the vacuum slate: a’p|0> = |p>.systems). The preceding is a specifically relativistic aspect of quaThe New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and RelativityR. E. Kastner Foundations of Physics Group University of Maryland. College Park40895ABS The New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativityn as well; there is no formal component of the nonrelativistic theory corresponding to an emission process. The theory is applied only to an entity or entities assumed to be already in existence. In contrast, relativistic quantum field theory explicitly includes emission and absorption through the f The New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativityield creation and annihilation operators respectively; there are no such operators in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics.2 Because the latter treats onThe New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativity
ly pre-existing panicles, the actual emission event is not included in the theory, which simply applies the ket |'P> to the pre-existing system under The New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and RelativityR. E. Kastner Foundations of Physics Group University of Maryland. College Park40895ABS The New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativityrs computations needed to establish empirical correspondence. What PTI does is to ‘widen the scope’ of nonrelativistic quantum theory to take into account both emission and absorption events, the latter giving rise to the advanced state or braThe New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativity
isotropic with respect to space (i.e., a spherical wave front) but not isotropic with respect to lime (i.e., that emission is only in the forward ligThe New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and RelativityR. E. Kastner Foundations of Physics Group University of Maryland. College Park40895ABS The New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativityrse, for the metrical sign difference). The prescription of the time-symmetric theory for half the emission in the +Í direction and half in the -Í direction is consistent with the3 Technically, the Davies theory, which is probably the best currently articulated model forTI and which is discussed bel The New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativityow, Is a direct action (DA) theory in which field creation and destruction operators for photons are superfluous; the electromagnetic field is not reaThe New Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativity
lly an independent entity. Creation and annihilation of photons is then physically equivalent to couplings between the interacting charged currents thGọi ngay
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