foe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-en
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: foe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-en
foe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-en
TO THE CLIMATE CRISIS:THE Dangers of syntheticBIOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS PRODUCTIONÌQo40422Friends of the EarthSYNTHETIC SOLUTIONS TO THE CLIMATE CRISISExec foe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-encutive SummaryBiotechnology is portrayed as a panacea for climate change and other societal ills. However the claims that genetically engineered plants and microbes can sequester more carbon Hl rhe soil and produce more fuels when processed than conventional methods have yet to be proven. In the wak foe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-ene of these unfulfilled promises emerges a more extreme form of genetic engineering, also touted as the solution to rhe climate crisis synthetic biologfoe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-en
y.Genetic engineering involves inserting genes from one species into another but the goal of synthetic biology is to create life forms from scratch usTO THE CLIMATE CRISIS:THE Dangers of syntheticBIOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS PRODUCTIONÌQo40422Friends of the EarthSYNTHETIC SOLUTIONS TO THE CLIMATE CRISISExec foe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-encrisis and has the potential to create an entirely new set of problems. Genetic contamination - where the genetic makeup of a man-made organism effectively roots out or destroys an indigenous species in the natural environment - is a serious tlireat to biodiversity, the environment, and public healt foe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-enh. This happened when genetically engineered crops like corn were introduced in the U.S. in rhe early 1990s and contaminated entne strains. Syntheticfoe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-en
biology exacerbates this problem since no one knows how organisms with synthetic DNA will act 111 the open envnoiunent. They could die immediately - oTO THE CLIMATE CRISIS:THE Dangers of syntheticBIOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS PRODUCTIONÌQo40422Friends of the EarthSYNTHETIC SOLUTIONS TO THE CLIMATE CRISISExec foe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-enbiofuels through synthetic biology are under way. Biand new forms of algae, yeast, and other organisms are being designed with synthetic DNA to produce fuels 01 to more efficiently break down existing land-based crops to be fermented into fuels.This research is backed primarily by the oil industry. foe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-enAdditionally. the federal government provides these corporations with hundreds of millions in taxpayer money to research and patent organisms for fuelfoe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-en
and then sell that fuel back to the public. Oil companies have already destroyed the environment and should not be rew arded for putting piofils aheaTO THE CLIMATE CRISIS:THE Dangers of syntheticBIOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS PRODUCTIONÌQo40422Friends of the EarthSYNTHETIC SOLUTIONS TO THE CLIMATE CRISISExec foe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-en on the release and commercial use of all synthetic organisms into the environment and conduct full cnvnonmcntal and social impact statements on all synthetic biology research. Dangerous and unproven synthetic biology projects have diverted investments away from safe and clean technologies like wind foe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-en and solar, and energy efficiency. A moratorium would revive research and development of these renewable energy sources, end dependence on fossil fuelfoe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-en
s and safeguard the environment and all those that depend on it.2 FRIENDS OF THE EARTHSYNTHETIC SOLUTIONS TO HIE Climate CrisisIntroductionScientists TO THE CLIMATE CRISIS:THE Dangers of syntheticBIOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS PRODUCTIONÌQo40422Friends of the EarthSYNTHETIC SOLUTIONS TO THE CLIMATE CRISISExec foe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-enenes have been insetted into crops to make them resistant to certain herbicides or to produce toxins in their cells that kill insects:2 fish and rabbits are injected with genes fiom jellyfish and coral to make them glow lor purely aesthetic purposes.2'Since then, biotechnology has been portrayed as foe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-ena panacea for climate change and other societal ills. The Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO), the industry's largest trade group, declares thatfoe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-en
these technologies are fueling.4 feeding' and healing the world.6 Monsanto, a biotech giant, claims that its genetically engineered seeds will producTO THE CLIMATE CRISIS:THE Dangers of syntheticBIOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS PRODUCTIONÌQo40422Friends of the EarthSYNTHETIC SOLUTIONS TO THE CLIMATE CRISISExec foe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-en9 when processed. By injecting DNA from one organism with a desired trait—say drought resistance into another plant, scientists can tweak naturally existing plants, yeasts, algae, and bacteria to make “better”10 ones. But “better" more often refers to rhe profits they can bring in once patented rath foe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-ener than the benefits to people or the planet. Already a handful of corporations have benefited Horn biotechnology at the expense of the enviroiuuent.foe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-en
the climate, and public health.11The field of genetic modification IS growing in complexity. Previously, genetic engineei ing involved taking a short TO THE CLIMATE CRISIS:THE Dangers of syntheticBIOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS PRODUCTIONÌQo40422Friends of the EarthSYNTHETIC SOLUTIONS TO THE CLIMATE CRISISExec foe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-enanipulate genetic material like never before due to advances ill genetic engineering. DNA sequencing, nanotechnology, and robotics. Combining these technologies, some scientists are attempting to create life fioin scratch or re-design existing life. Hie proponents of this more complex genetic engine foe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-enering call It "synthetic biology.” Its supporters claim that synthetic biology will be the source of the new “green” and “renewable" fuel supply.'' Thfoe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-en
e science behind synthetic biology and how it is used to produce biofuels will be reviewed in Section 1.Section 2 will discuss (he dangers synthetic bTO THE CLIMATE CRISIS:THE Dangers of syntheticBIOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS PRODUCTIONÌQo40422Friends of the EarthSYNTHETIC SOLUTIONS TO THE CLIMATE CRISISExec foe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-en false belief dial fuels created through synthetic biology will save the planet from climate change. Proponents of synthetic biology are banking on the appeal of a ‘green’ techno-fix to w in over the public, in spite of the very- serious risks involved.13Section 4 critiques this false notion that bi foe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-enofuels produced through synthetic biology are a solution to the climate and energy crisis? It’s unlikely that synthetic organisms will be able to prodfoe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-en
uce the amount of fuel and energy needed to become competitive with other sources of energy without seriously harming the environment and public healtTO THE CLIMATE CRISIS:THE Dangers of syntheticBIOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS PRODUCTIONÌQo40422Friends of the EarthSYNTHETIC SOLUTIONS TO THE CLIMATE CRISISExec foe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-enions to the Climate CrisisThe use of genetic engineering has grou n at an incredible rate In agriculture production, the medicalfield, and more recently to produce biofuels.Section 5 will show the oil industry and agribusiness’ connections to the synthetic biology field. With the support of oil gian foe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-ents, such as Exxon Mobile and BP, synthetic biology startup companies have started producing fourth generation biofuels from man-made organisms The patfoe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-en
enting procedure for synthetic life forms and how companies can manipulate the system to control the fuel supply will then be discussed.Amyris BioteclTO THE CLIMATE CRISIS:THE Dangers of syntheticBIOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS PRODUCTIONÌQo40422Friends of the EarthSYNTHETIC SOLUTIONS TO THE CLIMATE CRISISExec foe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-en connections with Big Oil and the government to promote unproven and unregulated products. The harms caused by Ainyiis' biofuels production efforts in Brazil will be highlighted in Section 6.Next, Section 7 will highlight the other major funder of synthetic biology research - the U.S. government. Wi foe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-enth the help of federal contracts, giants, and friends in high places, synthetic biology companies have been able to receive significant amounts of pubfoe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-en
lic funding to start their operations and patent their organisms. These companies are also being supported by U.S. biofuels policies that are promotinTO THE CLIMATE CRISIS:THE Dangers of syntheticBIOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS PRODUCTIONÌQo40422Friends of the EarthSYNTHETIC SOLUTIONS TO THE CLIMATE CRISISExec foe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-ent for precaution.The report concludes with policy recommendations to regulate synthetic biology in Section 9 and why such regulations are necessary to protect the environment and public health from the unique dangers* posed by synthetic organisms.1. Hie Science of Synthetic BiologyA Brief History of foe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-en Genetics:To better understand the new dangers posed by synthetic biology. It IS important to briefly cover major advances in genetics and our understfoe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-en
anding of how genes function The lather of genetics is Gregor Mendel, a German monk, who 111 1865 discovered that traits are inheritable through experTO THE CLIMATE CRISIS:THE Dangers of syntheticBIOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS PRODUCTIONÌQo40422Friends of the EarthSYNTHETIC SOLUTIONS TO THE CLIMATE CRISISExec foe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-enconstitute the basis of life and evolution and those nucleic acids were a major component of chromosomes. Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase proved in 1952 that genes. Ill fact, were the earners of genetic information.14 foe-synthetic-biology-for-biofuels-2011-013-enGọi ngay
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