Studying translating and transmitting th
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Studying translating and transmitting th
Studying, translating, and transmitting the “orality ” (oral-aural dimension) of Scripture,1 with two case studies: Solomon ”s Song and John ’.S' Apoc Studying translating and transmitting th calypse2 3OverviewThis essay undertakes a broadly-based exploratory investigation that focuses on the manifold subject of “orality” as it pertains to the contemporary analysis, translation, transmission, and popular engagement of the ancient texts of Scripture. After a brief survey of ten key concep Studying translating and transmitting th ts referencing some notable works in this broad interdisciplinary field. I will summarize several productive theoretical and practical methods that enStudying translating and transmitting th
courage or refine an oral-aural approach to Bible translation. I next turn to a presentation of several of the main areas of current controversy, coupStudying, translating, and transmitting the “orality ” (oral-aural dimension) of Scripture,1 with two case studies: Solomon ”s Song and John ’.S' Apoc Studying translating and transmitting th cross-cultural, oral-aural oriented communication of the Bible. These topics are then examined more concretely with reference to a pair of complex passages found in the Song of Songs (chap. 8) and Revelation (chap. 5). which are considered especially in terms of their manifest "performance potentia Studying translating and transmitting th l." This study concludes with a set of specific suggestions intended to "re-oralize" Scripture translation today, no matter what type of version is enStudying translating and transmitting th
visioned or the medium of transmission being used in the process.Exploring the notion of “orality*' (and related concepts)I will begin by defining or Studying, translating, and transmitting the “orality ” (oral-aural dimension) of Scripture,1 with two case studies: Solomon ”s Song and John ’.S' Apoc Studying translating and transmitting th concerns the theory and practice of Bible translation. The subject of orality in general is becoming increasingly important in current biblical studies, especially with regard to the New Testament but to a lesser extent also to the Old Testament.1 Earlier explorations focused1The present paper is my Studying translating and transmitting th attempt to supplement and further develop the ideas on these subjects that I expressed in a preliminary way in ••Performance Criticism: A Summary ofStudying translating and transmitting th
Assumptions. Applications. Assessments, and Implications for Bible translation." Tic Talk 65 (Newsletter of the United Bible Societies. 2008) 1-9. andStudying, translating, and transmitting the “orality ” (oral-aural dimension) of Scripture,1 with two case studies: Solomon ”s Song and John ’.S' Apoc Studying translating and transmitting th . UK: The Edwin Mellen Press. 2008). The former article is available online at: tap: 'www.ubs-translations.org.'n.-pastjssues-tic talk^65 2008 .2I am grateful to the Centre for Bible interpretation and Translation in Africa (CEBITA) of Stellenbosch University I South Africa) for a travel grant to en Studying translating and transmitting th able me to attend this SBL conference.3For some prominent New Testament studies in the field of orality. see: Richard A. Horsley. Jonathan A. Draper,Studying translating and transmitting th
and John Miles Foley, eds.. Performing rhe Gospel: Oratory, Memory, and Mark (Minneapolis: Fortress Press. 2006): Werner Keiber. "Orality and BiblicalStudying, translating, and transmitting the “orality ” (oral-aural dimension) of Scripture,1 with two case studies: Solomon ”s Song and John ’.S' Apoc Studying translating and transmitting th Hearon and Phillip Ruge-Jones. eds.. The Bible tn Ancient and Modern Media: Story and Performance (Eugene OR: Cascade Books. 2009). Several influential Old Testament studies include: William J. Doan and Terry Giles. Prophets. Performance, and Power: Performance Criticism of the Hebrew Bible (New Yor Studying translating and transmitting th k: T&T Clark. 2005): Terry Giles and William J. Doan. Twice Used Songs: Performance Criticism of rhe Songs of Ancient Israel (Peabody MA: Hendrikson.Studying translating and transmitting th
2009); Karel van der Toom. Scribal Culture and the Making of the Hebrew Bible (Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press. 2007).largely OH the nature, inStudying, translating, and transmitting the “orality ” (oral-aural dimension) of Scripture,1 with two case studies: Solomon ”s Song and John ’.S' Apoc Studying translating and transmitting th in the translation and reception of vernacular Scripnires. First-rate overviews of these latter developments already exist in print? so there is no need for me to reiterate this excellent material. I will simply summarize my understanding of a selection of ten key terms that pertain to the broad sub Studying translating and transmitting th ject of orality in order to provide an introductory "frame of reference” for some of the central issues, which this paper proposes to discuss from a mStudying translating and transmitting th
ultidisciplinary and practice-oriented perspective.6 7 8 91Orality: I have not as yet found a concise definition for this multifaceted term, which is Studying, translating, and transmitting the “orality ” (oral-aural dimension) of Scripture,1 with two case studies: Solomon ”s Song and John ’.S' Apoc Studying translating and transmitting th avior and the vanous verbal andnon-verbal characteristics, including the exceptional memory capacity and performance potential, of a society that normally prefers in large measure to orally communicate verbal texts of all types—formal and informal, religious and secular, artistic and mundane, etc.?( Studying translating and transmitting th b)more specifically, to the distinctive oral-aural properties of language that characterize the verbal texts of a given speech communin' (a), which arStudying translating and transmitting th
e onginally composed and transmitted orally (spoken, recited, chanted, sung, etc.)? and4For example. Werner Keiber. The Oral and Written Gospel The HeStudying, translating, and transmitting the “orality ” (oral-aural dimension) of Scripture,1 with two case studies: Solomon ”s Song and John ’.S' Apoc Studying translating and transmitting th n Emerging Methodology in Second Testament Studies—Part I" (Biblical Theology Bulletin 36:3. 20061 1-16: "Part II" (Biblical Theology Bulletin 36:4. 2006) 164-184; James A Maxey. From Orallty to Orahry A jVeu Paradigm for Contextual Translation of the Bible (Eugene: Cascade Books. 2009).6The differe Studying translating and transmitting th nt terms being considered in this section pertain to the so-called "textual frame of reference.” which is concepmally linked in nrrn with a number ofStudying translating and transmitting th
other macro-frames of reference (mental models) within the thought-world of a given ethnic or speech community, e g., the cognitive (worldview relatedStudying, translating, and transmitting the “orality ” (oral-aural dimension) of Scripture,1 with two case studies: Solomon ”s Song and John ’.S' Apoc Studying translating and transmitting th onsibilities), and conversational (primary speech events and acts) conceptual constnicts (see Timothy Wilt and Ernst Wendland. Scripture Frames and Framing [Stellenbosch. South Africa: SUN Media Press. 2008]).7The following is concise, but not particularly enlightening: "Orality refers to the experi Studying translating and transmitting th ence of words (and speech) in the habitat of sound” (Pieter J. J. Botha. "Mute Manuscripts: Analyzing a Neglected Aspect of Ancient Communication.” ThStudying translating and transmitting th
eologia Evangellca 23 (1990] 40. cited in Maxey. From Oraltry to Orahty. 116).8In this connection, we must keep m mind the fact that "cognitive anthroStudying, translating, and transmitting the “orality ” (oral-aural dimension) of Scripture,1 with two case studies: Solomon ”s Song and John ’.S' Apoc Studying translating and transmitting th ional versus traditional and abstract versus concrete thinking” (Lourens de Vries. 200S. "Bible Translation and Primary Orality.” in Ernst Wendland. Contextual Frames of Reference in Bible Translation (Manchester: St. Jerome. 2008] 300; cf. Walter J. Ong. Orallty and Literacy: The Technologizing of Studying translating and transmitting th the Word. [London and New York: Methuen. 1982] 36-77). Instead, global postulations such as this must be "replaced by more limited hypotheses about loStudying translating and transmitting th
cal, culture-specific cognitive effects of writing systems" (de Vries. ibid.':300).9Again, it IS worth noting m this diagnostic effort the caution thaStudying, translating, and transmitting the “orality ” (oral-aural dimension) of Scripture,1 with two case studies: Solomon ”s Song and John ’.S' Apoc Studying translating and transmitting th niversalistic projections on these societies of pictures from various academic debates such as the Homeric debate, the debate of written versus oral style in English and the anthropological debate on cognitive dichotomies in terms of literate versus illiterate societies" (de Vries. "Bible Translatio Studying translating and transmitting th n." 303). Comparisons of oral versus written style in artistic compositions must normally be reported in terms of degree—that is.0(c)most specificallyStudying translating and transmitting th
. to the prominent oral structural ami stylistic features that remain in evidence (“voiceprints”) when oral texts (b) are written down for disseminatiStudying, translating, and transmitting the “orality ” (oral-aural dimension) of Scripture,1 with two case studies: Solomon ”s Song and John ’.S' Apoc Studying translating and transmitting th rmance"! in mind.Orality tints refers to style in tertns of: the inodes of communication within a given society, all oral texts in a certain language, or the oral features manifested in written texts.11 is Io be expected that, when lexis originally composed and performed orally arc eventually writte Studying translating and transmitting th n down, many of their constituent linguistic elements, especially phonological features, are either rendered implicitly or left under-represented dueStudying translating and transmitting th
to the inability or failure, whether scribal or orthographic. Io accurately record them. Also lost arc any non-verbal accompaniments that may have conGọi ngay
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