a-study-of-church-history-restoration-movement
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: a-study-of-church-history-restoration-movement
a-study-of-church-history-restoration-movement
Toward a Sephardic Haplogroup Profile in the New WorldElizabeth Caldwell HirschmanDepartment of MarketingSchool of BusinessRutgers UniversityNew Bruns a-study-of-church-history-restoration-movementswick, NJ 08903biisdiỉnảiÊibsjiiỉmi^Donald Panther-YatesDNA Consulting1274 Calle de ComercioSanta Fe, NM 87507dpv@dnaronsulianis.comINTRODUCTIONSephardic Jews are defined as those living on the Iberian Peninsula prior to 1492, when the Edict of Expulsion was signed by their Most Catholic Majesties o a-study-of-church-history-restoration-movementf a united Spain. King Ferdinand of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castile and Leon. Estimates of the number of Jews who went into voluntary or involunta-study-of-church-history-restoration-movement
ary exile range from 100,000 to 300,000, depending on the source used,1 but this does not really account for the larger segment of the population thatToward a Sephardic Haplogroup Profile in the New WorldElizabeth Caldwell HirschmanDepartment of MarketingSchool of BusinessRutgers UniversityNew Bruns a-study-of-church-history-restoration-movementthis expediency.2 Perhaps the majority of these continued to practice Judaism in secret, becoming Crypto-Jews.An equal number is believed to have converted superficially in 1492, after the introduction of the Inquisition, and were henceforth known as New Christians, Converses or Marranos. Factoring a-study-of-church-history-restoration-movementin population growth, this would bring the total number of former Jews living in Spain and Portugal to around 500,000 by the early 1500s. Unlike the 1a-study-of-church-history-restoration-movement
492 edict, which allowed nonconverting Jews to go into exile abroad, subsequent laws and regulations forbad conversos to leave the country, for it wasToward a Sephardic Haplogroup Profile in the New WorldElizabeth Caldwell HirschmanDepartment of MarketingSchool of BusinessRutgers UniversityNew Bruns a-study-of-church-history-restoration-movemente New World.The Sephardim who left Spain, either as Jews or Crypto-Jews, spread throughout the Mediterranean, venturing as far as the Balkans and Ottoman Empire in the East, and Italy, Sicily, Sardinia, North Africa, the Balearic Islands. Azores, Madeira, Canaries, France, Belgium, Germany, Alsace, a-study-of-church-history-restoration-movementLow Countries, and Britain in the West. Some fled as far as India, Indonesia, Ceylon and China.3 In all these places, the Sephardim generally prosperea-study-of-church-history-restoration-movement
d, becoming plantation owners, merchants, international traders and bankers, as well as craftsmen, shop owners, andpeddlers.4 Wherever they settled, tToward a Sephardic Haplogroup Profile in the New WorldElizabeth Caldwell HirschmanDepartment of MarketingSchool of BusinessRutgers UniversityNew Bruns a-study-of-church-history-restoration-movemente origins ol the Sephardic Jews? Where and when did they form into a coherent community? Most historians believe that a small contingent of Hebrews from ancient Judea made its way to the Iberian Peninsula by the time of the rise of Rome, while others hold the nucleus of Scphaiad may have arrived as a-study-of-church-history-restoration-movementearly as tire building of tire Second Temple in the sixth century BCE? Wexler' has proposed that the majority of Sephardic Jews were OÍ North Africana-study-of-church-history-restoration-movement
Berber origin and converted to Judaism sometime before the 711 CF. invasion of the Iberian Peninsula by the Muslims.Hirschman and Yates have sought toToward a Sephardic Haplogroup Profile in the New WorldElizabeth Caldwell HirschmanDepartment of MarketingSchool of BusinessRutgers UniversityNew Bruns a-study-of-church-history-restoration-movementer proselytizing movement, they propose, was centered on the establishment of a prominent Talmudic academy in Narbonne? Supporting this latter-day conversion of Frankish. Burgundian and Languedoc populations to Judaism is the research of Gerber showing that many Sephardic Jews believed themselves to a-study-of-church-history-restoration-movement be descendants ol King David ol Israel? This belief was evidently fostered by the Babylonian Jews who founded the Narbonne academy. As Gerber slates,a-study-of-church-history-restoration-movement
"The Sephardim believed themselves to be descendants of Judean royalty, tracing their lineage back to King David.”10According to these researc hers, Toward a Sephardic Haplogroup Profile in the New WorldElizabeth Caldwell HirschmanDepartment of MarketingSchool of BusinessRutgers UniversityNew Bruns a-study-of-church-history-restoration-movementwho introduc ed this tradition when he arrived in 771 C.F.." Thus when these western Europeans convened to Judaism, they saw themselves as adoptive heirs of the “House of David.” In a fewgenerations this mythic lineage became remembered as a hereditary- claim founded on blood and genealogy, and was a-study-of-church-history-restoration-movementpassed forward as truth.The purpose of this paper is to examine the population structure of colonies of Sephardic Jews in the New World by using the da-study-of-church-history-restoration-movement
ata from a number of recent country-specific DNA projects. We also attempt to come to some general conclusions about the original genetic profile of SToward a Sephardic Haplogroup Profile in the New WorldElizabeth Caldwell HirschmanDepartment of MarketingSchool of BusinessRutgers UniversityNew Bruns a-study-of-church-history-restoration-movementewsIn a sense, all Jews are converts or descendants of converts; it is just a matter of when they converted. Contemporary Judaic scholars acknowledge that the monotheistic, endogamous Hebrews of the Bible are largely mythic constructions used to create cosmological coherence and a nationalistic conc a-study-of-church-history-restoration-movementept of “peoplehood" across a vety diverse landscape of tribes and ethnic groups in the ancient Middle East.12 It was the rule rather than the exceptioa-study-of-church-history-restoration-movement
n among various groups of early Jews to backslide into the worship of pagan deities, especially Astarte.'Ashtoreth, the consort of the most powerful CToward a Sephardic Haplogroup Profile in the New WorldElizabeth Caldwell HirschmanDepartment of MarketingSchool of BusinessRutgers UniversityNew Bruns a-study-of-church-history-restoration-movementlink to the first rabbis, high priests of the Temple, or patriarchs.13 Instead of using a model of predestined continuity built around a core of founding fathers and mothers, we are perhaps better advised to approach Judaism as a multi-ethnic religion that has survived the cataclysms of history by c a-study-of-church-history-restoration-movementonstantly reinventing and reconstituting itself. If historical Jews have gone through bottlenecks and disintegration, they have also experienced perioa-study-of-church-history-restoration-movement
ds of triumphal expansion and efflorescence, during which conversion to Judaism waswidespread. The Roman world was one such golden age, and medieval SToward a Sephardic Haplogroup Profile in the New WorldElizabeth Caldwell HirschmanDepartment of MarketingSchool of BusinessRutgers UniversityNew Bruns a-study-of-church-history-restoration-movementl, aristocratic and commoner lineages, and wavering degrees of commitment to monotheism and the Mosaic law.14 Furthermore, many had become Hellenized long before the Diaspora, taking on Greek names, speaking, reading and writing in Koine Greek rather than Hebrew, and even adopting Greek customs such a-study-of-church-history-restoration-movement as social bathing and visiting pagan temples.15Ashkenazic Jewish AncestryLet us first consider the genetic ancestry of the Ashkenazi Jews, who have ba-study-of-church-history-restoration-movement
een much more extensively studied than the Sephardim. Wexler, in Ashkenazic Jews: A Slovo-Turkic People in Search of a Jewish Identity,“• argues that Toward a Sephardic Haplogroup Profile in the New WorldElizabeth Caldwell HirschmanDepartment of MarketingSchool of BusinessRutgers UniversityNew Bruns a-study-of-church-history-restoration-movemente had its genetic roots in Central Asia. This was also the explosive thesis of Arthur Koestler, who proposed that the convert Khazars who ruled between the Caucasus and the Volga contributed the principal component to Ashkenaz.1' Such ethnic theories have been embraced by Palestinian Arab leaders as a-study-of-church-history-restoration-movement much as they have been ferociously denied by Israeli statesmen and academicians. But let US lake a dispassionate look at the following population frea-study-of-church-history-restoration-movement
quency tables.Table 1. Haplogroup Frequencies for Ashkenazi and European Non-Jewish Populations(source: Behar et al. 2004).’8Ashkenazi JewsNon-Jewish Toward a Sephardic Haplogroup Profile in the New WorldElizabeth Caldwell HirschmanDepartment of MarketingSchool of BusinessRutgers UniversityNew BrunsToward a Sephardic Haplogroup Profile in the New WorldElizabeth Caldwell HirschmanDepartment of MarketingSchool of BusinessRutgers UniversityNew BrunsGọi ngay
Chat zalo
Facebook