what-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flow
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: what-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flow
what-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flow
What, if anything, are hybrids: enduring truths and challenges associated with population structure and gene HowZachariah Gompert1* (zach.gompert@usu. what-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flow.edu),c. Alex Buerkle2 (buerkle@uwyo.edu)1Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322. USA2Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 ,USARunning head: What, if anything, are hybridsTins article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review bu what-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flowt has not been through rhe copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Vwhat-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flow
ersion of Recoid Please cite this article as doi10.1111/eva. 12380This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.AbstractHybridization isWhat, if anything, are hybrids: enduring truths and challenges associated with population structure and gene HowZachariah Gompert1* (zach.gompert@usu. what-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flowces, an understanding of hybridization is important for basic and applied sciences, including conservation biology and agriculture. Herein, we review and discuss ideas that are relevant to the recognition of hybrids and hybridization. We supplement this discussion with simulations. The ideas we pres what-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flowent have a long history, particularly in botany, and clarifying them should have practical consequences for managing hybridization and gene flow in plwhat-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flow
ants. One of our primary goals is to illustrate what we can and cannot infer about hybrids and hybridization from molecular data; in other words, we aWhat, if anything, are hybrids: enduring truths and challenges associated with population structure and gene HowZachariah Gompert1* (zach.gompert@usu. what-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flowterns of variation when hybridization is recent and populations are polymorphic, which are particularly informative for applied issues, such as contemporary hybridization following recent ecological change. We show that hybridization is not a singular process, but instead a collection of related pro what-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flowcesses with variable outcomes and consequences. Tims, it will often be inappropriate to generalize about the threats or benefits of hybridization fromwhat-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flow
individual studies, and at minimum it will be important to avoid categorical thinking about what hybridization and hybrids are. We recommend potentiaWhat, if anything, are hybrids: enduring truths and challenges associated with population structure and gene HowZachariah Gompert1* (zach.gompert@usu. what-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flownservation Biology. Genetic Ancestry, AdmixtureTins article IS protected by copyright. All rights reserved.IntroductionSexual reproduction that involves mating with other individuals (outcrossing rather than selfing) and meiotic recombination mix alleles among different genomic backgrounds. Physical what-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flow dispersal of individuals before reproduction moves alleles farther from where they originated by mutation and is referred to as gene flow. At some powhat-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flow
int, crosses can occur between individuals that are unrelated enough that we refer to these as hybrids. Although hybridization has sometimes boon viewWhat, if anything, are hybrids: enduring truths and challenges associated with population structure and gene HowZachariah Gompert1* (zach.gompert@usu. what-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flowtebbins. 1950: F.llstrand. 1992; Ricseberg .V Wendel. 1993; Bnerkle ft al., 2003; Arnold. 2006). Numerous cases where hybridization and introgression have had substantial ecological or evolutionary consequences in plants are known. For example, hybridization between the sunflower species ữeỉinalhus what-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flowannuus and ỈỈ. petiolarts resulted in multiple dist inct hybrid species (Rieseberg et al.. 1990. 1995. 2003a), and hybridization in Populus affects cowhat-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flow
nununity composition and ecosystem processes (Driebe & Whitham. 2000; Martinsen el al., 2000: Whitham el al.. 2006; Floate ft al.. 2016). HybridizatioWhat, if anything, are hybrids: enduring truths and challenges associated with population structure and gene HowZachariah Gompert1* (zach.gompert@usu. what-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flownt of natural and human-induced invasions (Petit ft al.. 2001; Moran ft al., 2012).The consequences of hybridization are directly relevant to aspects of conservation biology and agriculture. Hybridization, whether natural or human-induced, can affect the origin, maintenance, and loss of biodiversity what-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flow (Rhymer Simborloff. 1996: Wolf ft al.. 2001: Buerkle el al.. 2003: Zalapa el al., 2010: Muhlfeld el al.. 2014). Hybridization in plants could help enwhat-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flow
demic species survive periods of climate change (Becker ft al., 2013), or result in extinction, when, for example, native species are assimilated by nWhat, if anything, are hybrids: enduring truths and challenges associated with population structure and gene HowZachariah Gompert1* (zach.gompert@usu. what-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flowal.. 2015). Introgressive hybridization also occurs between crops and their wild relatives, and this too can have beneficial or detrimental consequencesThis article IS protected by copyright. All rights reserved.for biodiversity (Linder Ct al., 1998: Ellstrand Ct al., 2013; Hufford Ct al., 2013; War what-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flowschefsky et al., 2014). Of particular interest is the potential for crop-wild hybridization to allow modified or engineered genes to escape into the wwhat-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flow
ild, which could negatively affect native species or increase public distrust of genetically modified crops (Ellstrand, 2001; Stewart et al., 2003; ChWhat, if anything, are hybrids: enduring truths and challenges associated with population structure and gene HowZachariah Gompert1* (zach.gompert@usu. what-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flowon efforts. Hybrids were not granted protection under the US Endangered Species Act, but this was questioned in a federal rule proposed in 1996 (this rule was never adopted; Allendorf Ct al., 2001. 2013). The proposed federal rule used the term “intercross” rather than “hybrid” to avoid a negative c what-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flowonnotation of the latter (Allendorf Ct al., 2013) and we suspect that some people would view even natural hybrids as less worthy of protection than “pwhat-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flow
ure” species (e.g., the decision to conserve eastern wolves has in part been based on species or hybrid status; Rutledge et al.. 2015). Clearly, the pWhat, if anything, are hybrids: enduring truths and challenges associated with population structure and gene HowZachariah Gompert1* (zach.gompert@usu. what-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flowifferently.Confronting this complexity requires careful consideration of what hybridization is. anil when distinguishing among different processes is necessary and possible, rhe recognition of hybrids between named taxa is relatively uncont roversial. but it is somewhat poorly resolved as to what di what-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flowstance of a cross constitutes hybridization, and what therefore qualifies as a hybrid (Harrison. 1993: Arnold, 2006: Allendorf Ct al.. 2013). Similarlwhat-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flow
y, different histories of gene How and selection, such as primary divergence versus secondary contact, have been referred to as hybridization (Barton What, if anything, are hybrids: enduring truths and challenges associated with population structure and gene HowZachariah Gompert1* (zach.gompert@usu. what-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flowreat cases of natural and human-induced hybridization differently as suggested by Allendorf et al. (2001). Unfortunately, different histories of hybridization can generate very similar or identical patterns of genetic and phenotypic variation (e.g., Kruuk Ct al., 1999; Barton & Hewitt. 1985; Barton what-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flowfe De Cara, 2009). This means we might not always be able This article IS protected by copyright. All rights reserved.to distinguish different historiwhat-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flow
es even when doing so would be useful.In this paper we review and discuss ideas that are relevant to recognition of hybrids and supplement these with What, if anything, are hybrids: enduring truths and challenges associated with population structure and gene HowZachariah Gompert1* (zach.gompert@usu. what-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flowions, but we think the combination can be useful. The issues we address have a relatively long history, some of which is underappreciated, and clarifying these ideas should have practical consequences for managing hybridization and gene How in plants. A reexamination of some of these points is worth what-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flowwhile too because recent population genomic studies have led to a greater appreciation of variation within species and genomic heterogeneity in differwhat-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flow
entiation between species or populations (e.g., Martin & Orgogozo, 2013; Gompert Ct al., 2014; Mandeville et al., 2015). Additionally we have learned What, if anything, are hybrids: enduring truths and challenges associated with population structure and gene HowZachariah Gompert1* (zach.gompert@usu. what-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flowg these lines, it is important to recognize what we can and cannot infer about hybrids and hybridization from molecular data: in other words, we must be aware that genetic data provide incomplete information about hybridization. Our simulations and discussion focus on patterns of variation when hybr what-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flowidization is recent and populations are polymorphic; this contrasts with the bulk of theoretical work that concerns long-term equilibrium outcomes ofwhat-if-anything-are-hybrids-enduring-truths-and-challenges-associated-with-population-structure-and-gene-flow
hybridization ami often is most applicable when hybridizing taxa exhibit fixed differences. This distinction increases the novelty of our results andGọi ngay
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