Ebook Practical nephrology: Part 2
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Ebook Practical nephrology: Part 2
Renal Stone Disease36Shabbir H. Moochhala and Robert J. UnwinChanges in EpidemiologyUrinary tract stone disease is common, important and increasing: t Ebook Practical nephrology: Part 2the lifetime prevalence of stones is -10 % in developed countries, and it disproportionately affects people of working age. After passage of a first stone, the risk of recurrence is 40 % at 5 years and 75 % at 20 years 111. The incidence of stone disease has always been higher in certain areas such Ebook Practical nephrology: Part 2as the Arabian Gulf countries but is increasing internationally [2. 3). Some of this is due to improvements in stone detection using CT scanning, butEbook Practical nephrology: Part 2
changes in dietary and fluid intake habits |4-7| and increased rates of obesity and metabolic syndrome |7. 8] are more important contributors. The incRenal Stone Disease36Shabbir H. Moochhala and Robert J. UnwinChanges in EpidemiologyUrinary tract stone disease is common, important and increasing: t Ebook Practical nephrology: Part 2atio of 3:1 is changing to a greater proportion of women.Stone disease is a major contributor to the total number of urological procedures performed in the UK, with an increase of 63 % between 2000 and 2010 (3]. In 2009-2010 there were over 83.000 stone-related hospital attendances in England. Ulis Ebook Practical nephrology: Part 2results in a major cost burden, with direct and indirect costs associated with kidney stones estimated at over $5 billion annually in the USA |9|.AssoEbook Practical nephrology: Part 2
ciations with other DisordersThere is increasing evidence that calcium renal stone disease is a generalised metabolic disorder in its own right, ratheRenal Stone Disease36Shabbir H. Moochhala and Robert J. UnwinChanges in EpidemiologyUrinary tract stone disease is common, important and increasing: t Ebook Practical nephrology: Part 2D compared to non-stone formers (over 8-year follow-up) 110)2Have lower bone mineral density when compared with the general population 11113Are associated with a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome and increased cardiovascular risk |I2|. with a 30 % increased risk of myocardial infarction over a Ebook Practical nephrology: Part 29-year period [13)PresentationsStone disease is unusual in that the first presentation is rarely to a nephrologist. Patients with acute renal colic maEbook Practical nephrology: Part 2
y present to A&E. 'recurrent urinary tract infections' may be a presentation of ureteric Slone disease in general practice and stones found incidentalRenal Stone Disease36Shabbir H. Moochhala and Robert J. UnwinChanges in EpidemiologyUrinary tract stone disease is common, important and increasing: t Ebook Practical nephrology: Part 2hhala. MRCP. PhD(M)UCL Centre for Nephrology.Royal Free Hospital.London NW3 2QG. UKe-mail: smoochhala@nhs.ncrR J. Unwin. BM. FRCP. PhD. FSB. CBiolUCL Cenue for Nephrology.UCL Royal Free Campus.Rowland Hill Street.London NW3 2PF. UKe-mail: robcrt.unwin@ucl.ac.ukCommon Presentations•Visible haematuria Ebook Practical nephrology: Part 2 (important differentials: tumour, infection, glomerular disease)•Renal colic (implies ureteric Slone I. Important differentials: clots due to any othEbook Practical nephrology: Part 2
er cause of haematuria. papillary necrosis, and other causes of abdominal pain with incidental finding of stone•Dysuria, frequency and urgency (only fRenal Stone Disease36Shabbir H. Moochhala and Robert J. UnwinChanges in EpidemiologyUrinary tract stone disease is common, important and increasing: t Ebook Practical nephrology: Part 2elated indicationM. Harber (edj. Practical Nephrology,DOI 10. l007/978-l-447l-5547-8_36. © Springer-Vcrlag London 2014413414S.H. Moochhala and R.J. UnwinRarer Presentations•AKI•Fcver/seplicaemia (pyonephrosis 4-obstruction) Ebook Practical nephrology: Part 2Renal Stone Disease36Shabbir H. Moochhala and Robert J. UnwinChanges in EpidemiologyUrinary tract stone disease is common, important and increasing: tGọi ngay
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